CK5116A立式車(chē)床數(shù)控的數(shù)控化改造

摘 要
針對(duì)現(xiàn)有常規(guī)CK5116A立式車(chē)床數(shù)控的缺點(diǎn)提出數(shù)控改裝方案和單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，提高加工精度和擴(kuò)大機(jī)床使用范圍，并提高生產(chǎn)率。本論文說(shuō)明了普通車(chē)床的數(shù)控化改造的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，較詳盡地介紹了CK5116A機(jī)械改造部分的設(shè)計(jì)及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)部分的設(shè)計(jì)。采用以8031為CPU的控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理，由I/O接口輸出步進(jìn)脈沖，經(jīng)一級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)減速后，帶動(dòng)滾動(dòng)絲杠轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)縱向、橫向的進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。改造過(guò)程如下：（1）機(jī)械部分的改造，包括縱向進(jìn)給方向的改造和橫向進(jìn)給方向的改造。主要包括對(duì)滾珠絲杠螺母副及反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算選擇及縱向、橫向機(jī)構(gòu)裝配圖方案的制定。（2）電氣控制部分的設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括MCS-51系列單片機(jī)及擴(kuò)展芯片的選用和電氣控制圖的設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控;單片機(jī);步進(jìn)電機(jī);滾珠絲杠;改造

ABSTRACT
To remedy the defects of ordinary lather CK5116A, a design of data processing system and its single chip microcomputer system program is put forward to raise the processing precision and extend the machine’s usage, and to improve production rate。This paper presents the process of designing numerical control reform，and explicitly introduces the design of mechanical and numerical control system reforms。We adopt control system which has 8031 as cpu to cope with the signal，and output the step pulse through the I/O interface。After transmitting and slowing down by force 1 gear, the step pulses drive the leading screw to roll。Thus achieve the verticalmovement and the crosswise movement。
Reform process as follows:(1)The reformation of machine part, include to enter lengthways to the reformation of the direction with horizontal enter to direction of reformation. Mainly include to roll the ball screw shaft nut and the calculation choice of reaction stepping motor and the establishment of lengthways, horizontal organization assemble diagram project. (2)The reformation of electricity part, mainly include the choice of MCS-51 family single-chip and expand chip and the design of electric control chart.
Key words : numerical control ;single-chip ;stepping motor ; ball screw haft ,reform
目錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
引言 - 1 -
第1章 總體方案的設(shè)計(jì) - 3 -
1.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) - 3 -
1.2 總體方案的論證 - 3 -
1.2.1 機(jī)械部分的改造設(shè)計(jì) - 5 -
1.2.2 伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造設(shè)計(jì) - 7 -
1.2.3 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) - 7 -
1.3 總體方案的確定 - 7 -
第2章 機(jī)械部分的改造設(shè)計(jì) - 9 -
2.1 縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造設(shè)計(jì) - 9 -
2.1.1 縱向滾珠絲杠副的選用 - 10 -
2.1.2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選用 - 15 -
2.2 橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造設(shè)計(jì) - 18 -
2.2.1 橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)滾珠絲杠螺母副的選用 - 19 -
2.2.2 橫向步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選用 - 24 -
2.3 齒輪傳動(dòng)間隙的調(diào)整 - 26 -
第3章 電氣控制部分的設(shè)計(jì) - 29 -
3.1 單片機(jī)的選擇 - 29 -
3.2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng) - 30 -
3.2.1 環(huán)形脈沖分配器的選擇 - 30 -
3.2.2 功率放大器的選用 - 32 -
3.3 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的微機(jī)控制 - 35 -
結(jié)論 - 37 -
參考文獻(xiàn) - 38 -
致謝 - 39 -