道路模擬裝置及激光路面斷面測(cè)試系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

隨著公路交通的不斷發(fā)展，路面平整度受到越來(lái)越廣泛的關(guān)注。平整的路面能為車(chē)輛提供快速、安全、舒適和經(jīng)濟(jì)的行車(chē)環(huán)境，同時(shí)減少車(chē)輛對(duì)路面的損壞，提高路面的使用性能，延長(zhǎng)路面的使用壽命。不平整的路面不僅影響乘車(chē)的舒適性，降低行車(chē)速度，加速車(chē)輛零部件的損壞，增加車(chē)輛的運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用，而且導(dǎo)致車(chē)輛振動(dòng)，激發(fā)車(chē)輛產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)作用力，引起路面的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變響應(yīng)，反過(guò)來(lái)又增加路表面的不平整度，加劇路面的破損。
本課題研究平整度對(duì)路面結(jié)構(gòu)的影響以及路面與車(chē)輛相互作用關(guān)系這兩方面的內(nèi)容，力圖把路面平整度對(duì)路面使用性能的影響深刻揭露出來(lái)，為交通部門(mén)路面標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的設(shè)定和汽車(chē)研究單位汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)參考提供依據(jù)。
本論文從時(shí)域和頻域的角度對(duì)公路路面表面特性進(jìn)行了研究，得出了三種典型路面的功率譜密度。首先，設(shè)計(jì)了用于路譜研究的路面模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)。其次，以路面行車(chē)方向?qū)崪y(cè)不平度為系統(tǒng)輸入，數(shù)值模擬了勻速下三種路面的高程變化的激勵(lì)信號(hào)，為路面長(zhǎng)期性能研究建立路面性能模型提供了依據(jù)。 最后，采用柯立——杜開(kāi)法得到了三種典型路面功率譜密度曲線，并對(duì)路面位移功率譜進(jìn)行了分級(jí)、對(duì)比。


關(guān)鍵詞：國(guó)際平整度指數(shù)；路面平整度；路面功率譜密度；

ABSTRACT

With the development of highway, pavement roughness has been more and more concerned. Smooth pavements not only provide vehicles with a fast, safe, comfortable and economical traveling environment, but also can decrease the destruction of vehicles to pavements, improve the pavement performance and extend the pavement's life. On the contrary, roughness pavements make travel uncomfortable, reduce vehicle velocity, accelerate the damage of vehicle parts and increase vehicle operating cost. Furthermore, pavement roughness induces vehicle vibration which causes dynamic loads on pavement structure. The dynamic loads arise structure responses such as strain and stress which roughen pavements inversely and deteriorate pavement surface.
What is the influence of pavement roughness to the structure of the road surface and how to discover the reciprocity between road and vehicles is studied in this paper. We strive to exposure the effect pavement roughness brings into to the performance of road surface, which give a reference to the establishment of the road standards for department of traffic and the design of vehicles for motor-manufactory.
This paper carried on a research to the highway road surface characteristic from the angle of time domain and frequency domain and gained the power spectral density of three typical model road. Firstly, the road surface simulation equipment used to investigate pavement spectral was designed. Secondly, regarding the pavement roughness in the traveling direction as the system input, we simulated the exciting signal of the height of pavement surface irregularities under a uniform velocity, which pave the way to the following long-term research and the establish of the capability-model. Finally, the method Cooley-Tukey was used to attain the power spectral density curve of three typical model road .


Keywords：Pavement roughness; International Roughness Index; Pavement
power spectral density;

目 錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒 論 - 1 -
1．1課題的提出及意義 - 1 -
1．1．1 平整度對(duì)舒適性的影響 - 1 -
1．1．2 平整度對(duì)安全性的影響 - 1 -
1．1．3 平整度對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)性能的影響 - 1 -
1．1．4 平整度對(duì)路面性能的影響 - 2 -
1．2 車(chē)輛與路面相互作用系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 - 2 -
1．2．1 美國(guó)的LTPP計(jì)劃 - 2 -
1．2．2 歐洲的PARIS研究 - 3 -
1．2．3 國(guó)內(nèi)的研究 - 3 -
1．3 本課題研究的內(nèi)容 - 4 -
2 路面平整度 - 5 -
2．1 路面平整度的定義 - 5 -
2．2 國(guó)際平整度指數(shù) - 5 -
2．2．1 基本概念 - 5 -
2．2．2 計(jì)算模型 - 6 -
3功率譜密度 - 9 -
3．1 各態(tài)歷經(jīng)性隨機(jī)振動(dòng)的特性 - 9 -
3．1．1 隨機(jī)過(guò)程 - 9 -
3．1．2平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)過(guò)程 - 9 -
3．1．3各態(tài)歷經(jīng)性隨機(jī)平穩(wěn)過(guò)程 - 10 -
3．2 快速傅立葉變換 - 11 -
3．2．1傅立葉變換 - 11 -
3．2．2 傅立葉積分 - 12 -
3．2．3 離散傅立葉變換 - 12 -
3．2．4 快速傅立葉變換 - 12 -
3．3 功率譜密度的計(jì)算 - 18 -
3．3．1 功率譜密度的含義 - 18 -
3．3．2 功率譜密度 - 20 -
3．4路面功率譜密度 - 21 -
3．4．1 空間頻率 - 21 -
3．4．2 路面空間功率譜密度 - 21 -
3．4．3 路面功率譜的平滑 - 22 -
3．4．4 路面功率譜密度表示方法和分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) - 24 -
4.實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架的設(shè)計(jì)及加工 - 27 -
4．1 實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)的目的 - 27 -
4．2 實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)原理 - 27 -
4．2．1 方案設(shè)計(jì) - 27 -
4．2．2 機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) - 28 -
4．2．3 模擬路面設(shè)計(jì) - 29 -
4．3 實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)主要部件尺寸參數(shù)的確定 - 29 -
4．4 三維繪圖軟件PRO/E繪制零件圖 - 29 -
4．5 實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架的加工及組裝 - 31 -
5 實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 - 33 -
5．1 模擬路面信號(hào)的采集 - 33 -
5．1．1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原理 - 33 -
5．1．2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器 - 33 -
5．1．3 實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)設(shè)置及實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 - 34 -
5．2 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析 - 35 -
5．2．1 高通濾波器的設(shè)計(jì) - 35 -
5．2．2 原始數(shù)據(jù)分析 - 37 -
5．2．3高通濾波 - 38 -
5．2．4 路面功率譜密度 - 42 -
5．2．5路面功率譜的分級(jí) - 44 -
6 結(jié)論 - 47 -
7致謝 - 48 -
參考文獻(xiàn) - 49 -