風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組塔架結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

隨著風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的大型化，機(jī)組塔架的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問題日益突出。為了降低成本，減輕重量，這就需要探討新的設(shè)計(jì)方法、應(yīng)用新的設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。本文以靜力學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)、有限元的基本理論基礎(chǔ)，以塔架優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)為目的，分析研究了影響塔架設(shè)計(jì)的靜強(qiáng)度、模態(tài)等關(guān)鍵因素，研究了這些因素在塔架優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)中的作用和地位，討論了風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)承載部件——塔架在設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化時(shí)的有限元建模及分析計(jì)算的方法。為大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組承載部件的分析和設(shè)計(jì)提供了科學(xué)可靠的依據(jù)。
本文基于有限元法的基本理論，對(duì)塔架進(jìn)行了以下研究：
1.利用有限元方法靜態(tài)分析的基本理論，根據(jù)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組塔架的力學(xué)性能（即受力狀態(tài)）、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)（邊界條件）和工況（載荷）等，建立有限元模型。
2.根據(jù)動(dòng)力學(xué)有限元的基本原理，討論模態(tài)分析時(shí)有限元模型建立的原則和方法，并且分析塔架固有頻率的特點(diǎn)，研究地基剛度、機(jī)艙與塔架固有頻率之間的關(guān)系。
3.根據(jù)靜力學(xué)有限元基本原理，討論極限載荷時(shí)，塔架應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變狀況。
4.以優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和有限元方法為理論基礎(chǔ)，討論在對(duì)塔架進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題，為塔架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化提供依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)，塔架，有限單元法，極限強(qiáng)度分析，模態(tài)分析


ABSTRACT

With the development of large-scale wind turbine, the optimal design problems of the tower have become increasingly prominent. In order to reduce costs and weight, it needs to explore new methods of design, and application of new design technologies.
Based on the statics, dynamics, and the basic theoretical foundation of finite element, this thesis whose purpose is to optimize the design of the tower analyzes the key factors impacting the static strength, modal. And it also studies the role and status of these factors mentioned above while the designing of the tower optimization, and discusses modeling and analysis of the calculation method of the wind turbine bearing components, tower, while the process of the tower being designed and optimizing. So this thesis provides a reliable scientific basis for the analysis and design of the large wind turbine components bearing.
Based on the finite element method the basic theory, the tower was on the following:
1. The establishment of finite element model is based on the basic theory of finite element method of static analysis, and the mechanical properties of the wind turbine tower.
2. According to the basic principles of dynamics finite element, the principles and methods of establishment of finite element model is discussed. In addition, the characteristics of natural frequency of tower are analyses, and the relationship between the foundation stiffness of tower, the cabin and the natural frequency of tower.
3. Based on basic principles of statics finite element, under the limit load, the situations of the tower stress and strain are discussed.
4. The issues should be pay attention in optimal design are discussed under the theoretical foundation of optimal design and finite element, and provide the basis for the structure design of tower and optimal design.


Key words：Wind turbine, Tower, Finite element method, Ultimate strength analysis, Modal analysis


目 錄

中文摘要 2
ABSTRACT 1
1 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀概述 2
1.2.1 國(guó)外技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組塔架的設(shè)計(jì) 4
1.3.1 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組塔架概述 4
1.3.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組塔架的設(shè)計(jì) 4
1.3.3 塔架設(shè)計(jì)中的計(jì)算方法 5
1.4 有限元方法的應(yīng)用 6
1.4.1 有限元方法在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 6
1.4.2有限元方法在塔架設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與要求 7
1.5 本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容與完成的工作 8
2 塔架有限元模型的建立 11
2.1. 塔架幾何模型的生成 11
2.2 單元選擇及網(wǎng)格劃分 13
2.3塔架材料屬性及邊界條件 16
3 塔架的極限強(qiáng)度分析 20
3.1 塔架極限強(qiáng)度的意義 20
3.2塔架極限強(qiáng)度分析 20
3.2.1確定受力情況和邊界條件 17
3.2.2有限元強(qiáng)度結(jié)果和分析 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。
3.3極限強(qiáng)度分析結(jié)果討論 22
4 塔架模態(tài)分析 24
4.1塔架模態(tài)的意義 24
4.2 模態(tài)分析的理論基礎(chǔ) 24
4.3 塔架模態(tài)分析建模 25
4.4塔架模態(tài)分析結(jié)果及討論 25
5 結(jié)論與展望 29
5.1主要結(jié)論 29
5.2 相關(guān)方向展望 29
致 謝 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 32