福圖拉FM4CNC內(nèi)外園磨床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造（本科畢業(yè)論文設計）
摘 要

隨著科技進步和機床工業(yè)的發(fā)展，數(shù)控機床作為機床工業(yè)的主流產(chǎn)品，已經(jīng)成為實現(xiàn)裝備制造業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的關鍵設備，是國防軍工裝備發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略物資。而目前我國數(shù)控機床的數(shù)量和品種，尚不能完全國內(nèi)市場需求，尤其是中高檔還主要依賴進口，即使是自己生產(chǎn)的，其核心元件也主要依靠進口。因此，我們有必要打破跨國公司的壟斷，生產(chǎn)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權的高檔數(shù)控機床。本課題完成了福圖拉CNC內(nèi)外圓磨床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造。
首先對三棱形輪廓的插補算法進行研究，并建立了內(nèi)外圓磨削數(shù)學模型，然后根據(jù)實際磨削運動情況，對數(shù)學模型進行了修正，生成了理論運動軌跡。
本系統(tǒng)采用了當前國際上先進的第三代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)“PC+運動控制器”系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和開放式數(shù)控平臺。系統(tǒng)以工業(yè)PC機作為硬件平臺，采用Trio MC206運動控制器，配以永磁交流伺服電機，構(gòu)建了高性能的系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)。采用CAN總線通信技術，擴張了6個I/O模塊，搭建了新型的PLC系統(tǒng)——內(nèi)嵌型PLC系統(tǒng)，并對PLC系統(tǒng)輸入輸出點的分配、信息交換和軟件實現(xiàn)作了詳細介紹。基于Windows操作系統(tǒng)的軟件開發(fā)，采用了Builder C++ 6.0開發(fā)平臺，運用了面向?qū)ο?、模塊化的程序設計方法。


關鍵詞：開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，三棱形，運動控制器，內(nèi)嵌型PLC

ABSTRACT

With the advance in science and technology and developing of machine tool industry, the CNC machine tool, as the mainstream product of the machine tool industry, has become the pivotal equipment in realizing the modernization of the manufacturing industry, and the strategic resources in the developing of the national defense war industry furnishment. But at present ,the amount and variety of CNC machine tools of our country could still not meet the domestic market need, especially the middle and high precision types, which are also main dependent on importing ,even through the type that produced by ourself, the key components are also main dependent on importing. Therefore, it’s necessary for our country to break the Multinational Corporation’s monopoly, and produce the high precision CNC machine tools which have our own intellectual property rights. This topic accomplished the revamp on the internal and external three prism milling CNC system. First studied on the interpolation arithmetic of the three prism outline curve, and built the internal and external milling mathematical model. According to the actual milling situation, we modified the mathematical model, and then produced the theoretics moving track.. This CNC system adopts the international advanced numerical control system, the third generation numerical control system, which has the structure of “PC + The movement controller”. This system choose the industry PC as its hardware platform, use Trio MC206 movement controller, match the permanent magnet AC servo motor, and construct the high-performance system hardware architecture. And also adopt the CAN bus communication technology, expand six I/O modules, and build the newly-typed PLC system-the embedded type PLC system. This article gave the detail introduction about the I/O assignment、information exchange ,and the software implementation in the above mentioned PLC system. The development of the system software, which based on the windows operating system, under Builder C++ 6.0 developing environment, utilize object-oriented、modular programming design method.


Keywords: open CNC system, three prism curve, motion controller, embedded type PLC

目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 國內(nèi)外數(shù)控技術的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.1 數(shù)控技術的發(fā)展概述 1
1.1.2 國外數(shù)控化改造的發(fā)展 3
1.2.3 國內(nèi)數(shù)控設備現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.2 數(shù)控化改造研究的主要內(nèi)容 3
1.2 課題來源及意義 4
2 系統(tǒng)方案的提出 5
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體要求 5
2.2 系統(tǒng)總體改造方案的提出 5
2.3 本論文的主要內(nèi)容 6
3 三棱形內(nèi)外圓磨削數(shù)學模型的研究 8
3.1 三棱形曲線的建立 8
3.2 三棱形圓弧插補研究 9
3.3 三棱形內(nèi)外圓磨削數(shù)學模型的研究 10
3.3.1 砂輪中心實際運動軌跡數(shù)學模型 10
3.3.2 計算機語言生成的運動軌跡 15
4 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設計 19
4.1 硬件平臺和系統(tǒng)總線的選擇 19
4.2 系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設計 21
4.3伺服系統(tǒng)設計 23
4.3.1 伺服驅(qū)動裝置的控制性能 23
4.3.2 電器驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)及工作特性 24
4.3.3閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)運動控制及特性分析 27
4.3.4 伺服系統(tǒng)型號的選擇 28
4.4運動控制器與伺服系統(tǒng)的信號連接 29
5 PLC設計 31
5.1 PLC的類型 32
5.1.1 內(nèi)裝型PLC 32
5.1.2 獨立型PLC 32
5.1.3 內(nèi)嵌型PLC 33
5.2 CNC與PLC之間的信息交換 33
5.3 PLC軟件設計 34
6 開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設計及其實現(xiàn) 36
6.1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的組成 36
6.2 軟件開發(fā)平臺和工具的選用 36
6.3 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟件結(jié)構(gòu) 37
6.3.1 軟件功能模塊 37
6.3.2 軟件結(jié)構(gòu)特點 38
7 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 41
7.1 伺服系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 41
7.1.1 調(diào)試步驟 41
7.1.2 調(diào)試方法 42
7.2 圓弧插補輪廓誤差分析 42
8 系統(tǒng)實驗結(jié)果分析 46
9 結(jié)論 47
致謝 48
參考文獻 49