滾動軸承故障振動機理分析與測試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計）


摘    要
滾動軸承是旋轉(zhuǎn)機械中應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種通用機械部件，其運行狀態(tài)直接影響到整臺機器的性能。但是它的壽命離散性很大，對其進行定時維修是不可取的，應(yīng)進行工況監(jiān)控和故障診斷。所以就有必要對滾動軸承的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行初步的研究。
本文對滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)特點、故障機理和振動機理進行了分析并開發(fā)滾動軸承的振動測試系統(tǒng)。簡單介紹了滾動軸承振動信號的處理方法。通過對滾動軸承振動數(shù)據(jù)采集然后對信號進行時域分析和頻譜分析一實現(xiàn)的滾動軸承狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測和故障的診斷。
本文主要從以下幾個方面進行了研究：
1）以滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理為基礎(chǔ)，分析了滾動軸承振動產(chǎn)生的機理。并根據(jù)滾動軸承振動信號產(chǎn)生的機理及特點，分析振動信號的采集方法以及由于故障的不同引起的不同形式的振動。建立了簡單的故障振動的數(shù)學(xué)模型，根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)模型分析了滾動軸承的故障振動的機理和特征信號。
2）在學(xué)習(xí)Vc++程序開發(fā)方法及SQL Sever數(shù)據(jù)庫的應(yīng)用方法的基礎(chǔ)上，開發(fā)了滾動軸承的故障測試系統(tǒng)，其中，著重對測點的選擇、傳感器的選擇與安裝、A/D卡的選擇及濾波方法的選擇作了重要的論述。通過測試系統(tǒng)對滾動軸承振動信號的實際分析，說明該系統(tǒng)可以很好的解決由于滾動軸承的離散性而造成的定時維修不可取的困境。

關(guān)鍵詞：滾動軸承，機理分析，測試系統(tǒng)

ABSTRACT

    The rolling bearing is one king of the most wide-used general mechanicl parts in the revolving machinery,its running status directly affects the entire machine performance.The uppermost characteristic of the rolling bearing is that the life separate is large,the regular maintenance is unadvisable but carrying on the operating mode monitoring and malfunction diagnosis.Therefore it is necessary tu conduct the preliminary research to the rolling bearing monitoring and diagnosis system.
This article conducted the research of the rolling bearing's Structural characteristics、malfunction elements and vibration elements,simply introduced the singal processing method of the rolling bearing's vibration and the monitoring and diagnosis system which carrys on the time domain analysis and the frequency domain analysis by collecting the date of the rolling bearing 's vibration in order to carry out the status monitoring and malfunction diagnosis of the rolling bearing.
This article mainly conducts research from several aspects below:
Frist, the structure of rolling and working principle is based on analysis of the rolling bearing vibration mechanism.Rolling vibration signals and in accordance with the mechanism and characteristics of vibration signals in the collection method as well as the different fault caused by different forms of vibration. Failure to establish a simple mathematical model of the vibration, according to a mathematical model of the rolling bearing failure and features of the mechanism of vibration signals.
 Second,In the study Vc + + development of methods and procedures SQL Sever database applications on the basis of the development of the Rolling fault testing system, of which focused on the choice of measurement points, the selection and installation of sensors, A / D card choices and Filtering method of choice, made an important expositions. Rolling through the test system on the actual analysis of vibration signals that the system can be a very good solution because of the dispersion of the Rolling caused by the plight of regular maintenance undesirable.

Keywords:rolling bearing,test system,mechanical analysis

目錄

中文摘要.................................................................Ⅰ
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................Ⅱ
1 概述.....................................................................1
    1.1課題的研究目的和意義..............................................1
    1.2國內(nèi)外研究的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀..............................................1
       1.2.1測試系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀.................................................2
       1.2.2旋轉(zhuǎn)機械研究現(xiàn)狀.............................................2
    1.3課題的主要研究內(nèi)容 ...............................................3
2滾動軸承故障機理的研究..............................................4
    2.1滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)及故障形式.............................................4
  2.1.1滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................4
  2.1.2滾動軸承主要故障形式............................................4
    2.2滾動軸承故障機理分析..................................................5
  2.2.1滾動軸承工作原理及故障振動模型的建立............................5
   2.2.2外滾道損傷機理分析..............................................7
   2.2.3內(nèi)滾道損傷機理分析..............................................8
   2.2.4滾動體損傷機理分析..............................................9
    2.3滾動軸承振動特點分析 .................................................9
  2.3.1滾動軸承的振動類型..............................................9
  2.3.2滾動軸承的振動機理.............................................10
   2.4滾動軸振動信號特征..................................................10
  2.4.1正常滾動軸承的振動信號特征.....................................10
   2.4.2故障滾動軸承的振動信號特征.....................................12
3硬件部分和測試系統(tǒng)的研究...........................................16
     3.1硬件部分...........................................................16
     3.2傳感器.............................................................16
       3.2.1傳感器的種類...................................................16
        3.2.2傳感器的選擇與安裝.............................................17
     3.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器..........................................................18
       3.3.1A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的主要參數(shù)............................................18
        3.3.2A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇..............................................19
      3.4測點的選擇.......................................................19
      3.5中間環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計...................................................20
        3.5.1放大器.......................................................20
         3.5.2慮波器.......................................................20
4滾動軸承故障振動測試系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計與實例分析...........22
      4.1軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計...................................................22
       4.2數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析...................................................24
       4.3實例分析.........................................................25
5結(jié)論與展望............................................................28
6參考文獻...............................................................29
7致謝....................................................................30