汽車覆蓋件的回彈數(shù)值模擬

摘要
本篇論文重點(diǎn)圍繞汽車覆蓋件在沖壓成型過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生回彈的分析，研究中以典型汽車覆蓋件（轎車后座車門）為例，研究分析其沖壓成型產(chǎn)生回彈的影響，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行回彈數(shù)值模擬和優(yōu)化分析。論文內(nèi)容主要分為三個(gè)部分：
第一部分是對(duì)覆蓋件進(jìn)行建模和工藝分析，主要講述了沖壓方向的確定過(guò)程，模具類型結(jié)構(gòu),以及拉延工藝的選擇。
第二部分主要運(yùn)用CAE軟件包Dynaform為工具,通過(guò)對(duì)典型汽車覆蓋件的沖壓工藝的仿真分析，較詳細(xì)地論述了汽車覆蓋件模具的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程和設(shè)計(jì)考慮因素，對(duì)工件成形過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)起皺，拉裂，回彈問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，在參數(shù)上進(jìn)行修改以獲得到不同的仿真效果，得出最佳的沖壓成型方案，并對(duì)成形后的工件進(jìn)行回彈數(shù)值分析，給模具設(shè)計(jì)的回彈補(bǔ)償提供數(shù)據(jù)。
第三部分通過(guò)利用Dynaform對(duì)覆蓋件沖壓成型和成型后的回彈仿真分析獲得的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合實(shí)際的工藝，并運(yùn)用優(yōu)化軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。在對(duì)覆蓋件的回彈數(shù)值進(jìn)行多次的模擬分析，以及優(yōu)化，從而得到一套理想的數(shù)據(jù)，能顯著降低沖壓成形件的回彈量，為控制和解決回彈問(wèn)題提供了一種新思路，設(shè)計(jì)出一套汽車覆蓋件沖壓模具。

關(guān)鍵詞：回彈模擬；Dynaform;模具設(shè)計(jì)；優(yōu)化









Die Design of Automotive Panel Based on Simulation Springback
Abstract
This thesis focus on automotive panel stamping molding process produced in the spring of analysis, research in the typical auto body panel (rear car door), for example, produce research and analysis of its stamping forming springback effects and gain numerical simulation and optimization of springback. Thesis is divided into three parts:
The first part is the design of panel model and process analysis, which mainly about the process of determining the direction of the stamping, die type of structure, and drawing technology choice.
The second part is the use of CAE packages Dynaform as a tool, a typical car by the stamping process simulation, discussed in more detail auto panel die design process and design considerations, occurred during the workpiece forming wrinkle, crack, analysis of the resilience, the parameters to be modified to obtain different simulation results, the best of the press molding the program, and the shape of the workpiece after the springback values analysis of the springback compensation to the mold design data.
The third part through the use of Dynaform on stamping forming and springback after forming simulation data obtained, combined with the actual process and the use of optimization software to optimize the data. Covering parts of the springback in the value several times the simulation analysis and optimization, to be an ideal set of data, can significantly reduce the springback stamping parts, spring back to be controlled and provided a new idea to design a car body panel stamping dies.

Keywords: Simulation Springback；Dynaform；Die Design；Optimization



目錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 概述 1
1.2 我國(guó)汽車模具的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及CAE技術(shù)的普及 1
1.2.1汽車模具的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.2 CAE技術(shù)在模具行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用 2
1.3 研究的主要內(nèi)容和意義 3
2 汽車覆蓋件的拉延模工藝設(shè)計(jì)分析 4
2.1 汽車覆蓋件 4
2.1.1 汽車覆蓋件的含義及分類 4
2.1.2 汽車覆蓋件的成型特點(diǎn) 5
2.1.3 汽車后座車門 5
2.1.4 后座車門的沖壓工藝分析 6
2.2 模具類型及參數(shù)的初步確定 7
2.2.1模具類型及結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 7
2.2.2 工藝參數(shù)及壓力機(jī)的確定 9
3汽車覆蓋件拉延沖壓的CAE分析與回彈數(shù)值計(jì)算 11
3.1 CAE綜述 11
3.2 DYNAFORM簡(jiǎn)介 12
3.2.1 Dynaform 模面工程（DFE） 13
3.3模具型面的CAE分析 14
3.3.1模具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程 14
3.3.2數(shù)據(jù)建模 15
3.3.3網(wǎng)格劃分與檢查 16
3.3.4沖壓方向的調(diào)整 17
3.3.5壓料面的創(chuàng)建 18
3.3.6工藝補(bǔ)充面的創(chuàng)建 19
3.3.7壓料面的修整 21
3.3.8拉延筋的定義 22
3.3.9毛坯尺寸計(jì)算及網(wǎng)格劃分 23
3.3.10成型計(jì)算與模擬 24
3.3.11后處理分析與仿真 26
3.4汽車覆蓋件的回彈數(shù)值模擬 29
3.4.1回彈 29
3.4.2回彈數(shù)值模擬與結(jié)果的分析 29
4回彈量的數(shù)值計(jì)算和回彈數(shù)值優(yōu)化的模擬 31
4.1基于MATLAB回彈量的數(shù)值計(jì)算 31
4.2回彈數(shù)值的優(yōu)化及模擬分析 33
4.2.1 回彈數(shù)值的優(yōu)化 33
4.2.2 回彈的控制方法 38
5 模具結(jié)構(gòu)的最后確定 39
5.1 拉延模的設(shè)計(jì) 39
5.1.1 凸模的設(shè)計(jì) 41
5.1.2 凹模的設(shè)計(jì) 41
5.1.3 導(dǎo)向板 42
5.1.4 拉延筋 43
5.1.5 通氣孔 45
5.1.6 頂件器 46
5.2 模具裝配總圖 46
總結(jié) 49
參考文獻(xiàn) 50
附錄 52
致謝 53