基于單片機的智能電池充電器的設計

摘    要

由于以往的充電器不能根據(jù)電池的充電狀態(tài)進行數(shù)據(jù)分析，采取相應的電池充電模式，而是一直采用大電流充電，極易造成電池的極化現(xiàn)象，導致電池充電效率較低，使用壽命縮短?；谏鲜鲈虮疚脑O計了一種基于單片機的智能電池充電器，該充電器是由ADuC824單片機控制，根據(jù)充電電池的充電狀態(tài)輸出一定的PWM脈沖波，進而采用涓流充電，恒流充電，恒壓充電和浮充電等四個階段對鉛酸蓄電池充電，并且可以通過單片機的輸出端口顯示當前的充電狀態(tài)，在充電結(jié)束時自動終止充電，蜂鳴器發(fā)出報警聲，提醒用戶電池已經(jīng)充滿，實現(xiàn)電池充電的智能化。

關鍵詞  智能充電器  ADuC824  TL494  鉛酸蓄電池

DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT CHARGER BASED ON    
SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER

ABSTRACT

In the past, as the charger cannot be based on the status of rechargeable battery data to analysis it cannot be carried out the mode, which is suitable. It has been using a high-current charge, which is result in more lower efficient for battery charger, reduces service life. Because of it, I design an intelligent charger, which is controlled by single-chip microcomputer. According to the state of battery, ADuC824 single-chip microcomputer will control and output a PWM pulse, in turn, lead-acid battery will be charged through to four-stage charge such as trickle charge, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and floating charge, it can also show the current charging phase through the output terminal of single-chip microcomputer and can terminate charging automatically. A warning buzzer will sound to remind the user that it is already full of batteries.

KEY WORDS  intelligent battery charger  ADuC824  TL494  lead-acid battery
 

目    錄

摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1  緒論 1
1.1  研究背景 1
1.2  充電技術的發(fā)展概述 1
1.3  充電器的技術水平、現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 2
2  鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理及充放電過程 3
2.1  鉛酸蓄電池的基本概念 3
2.2  鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理 6
2.2.1  鉛酸蓄電池電動勢的產(chǎn)生 6
2.2.2  鉛酸蓄電池放電過程的電化反應 6
2.2.3  鉛酸蓄電池充電過程的電化反應 7
2.2.4  鉛酸蓄電池充放電后電解液的變化 7
2.3  蓄電池的充電工作特性 7
2.4  充電終止條件控制方法 12
2.4.1  電壓控制 12
2.4.2  定時控制 13
2.4.3  溫度控制 14
2.5  智能充電器的充電過程 14
3  智能充電器的硬件設計 15
3.1  智能充電器的總體設計要求及設計方案 15
3.2  單片機部分 16
3.2.1  ADuC824的介紹 16
3.2.2  單片機電路部分 21
3.3  充電電路設計部分 22
3.3.1  充電電路電源部分 22
3.3.2  控制電路 22
3.3.3  檢測電路 25
4  智能充電器的軟件設計 28
4.1  主程序軟件設計 29
4.2  子程序軟件設計 30
5  結(jié)論 32
致謝 33
參考文獻 34
附錄 35
附錄1  總電路圖 35
附錄2  源程序 36