混合動(dòng)力汽車能量管理[外文翻譯]



















摘要







一個(gè)混合動(dòng)力汽車是由儲(chǔ)存在電池或飛輪中的能量和燃燒發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的油料產(chǎn)生的能量共同驅(qū)動(dòng)。消耗的能量以及排放空氣的質(zhì)量可以通過優(yōu)化電池的和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的效率以及在期望的驅(qū)動(dòng)條件下所傳輸?shù)哪芰枯敵?。車輛使用壽命成本可通過將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在恒定速度和能量下運(yùn)行，也可通過避免電池的流失而實(shí)現(xiàn)最小化。







包含優(yōu)化計(jì)算機(jī)的車載能量管理者可以跟蹤電池的實(shí)時(shí)能量，當(dāng)在給定的路段它還可優(yōu)化電池和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的負(fù)載分配。無論何時(shí)只要兩者之一是壽命縮短的深度放電電池，它就能命令發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳出更多的能量。汽車設(shè)計(jì)者需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)工程技術(shù)分析系統(tǒng)來優(yōu)化發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電池的等級(jí)。因此他需要知道汽車在特定路段以理想速度翻越山嶺時(shí)以及在每天不同風(fēng)速下所需供求的能量。







在輔助性的分析中，我們通過拉格朗日微積分方法建立了混合動(dòng)力汽車的模型。我們把這個(gè)模型應(yīng)用到了電動(dòng)汽車之中，該電動(dòng)汽車在200米路程當(dāng)中通過了多種山坡。在爬坡中，能量消耗很不理想。在特定的行駛時(shí)間，無論是在慢慢地爬坡中還是快速地下滑中，都未能節(jié)省能量。在計(jì)算中，我們也忽略了推動(dòng)力的效率。下一步將把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的不同效率以及在不同車速下發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的牽引力加入到模型之中。











 











Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles







William C. Morchin, President, Electric Bicycle Company







1345 East Main Street, Auburn, WA . Phone (253) 939-6722











Abstract







A hybrid electric vehicle is propelled with stored energy from a battery or flywheel, plus energy produced by burning fuel in an engine. The cost of the energy consumed, as well as the quantity of air pollutants released, can be reduced by optimizing (1) the ratings of the battery and engine, and (2) the power output that will be delivered by each source under the expected driving conditions. Life-cycle cost can be minimized by running the engine at a constant speed and power, and by avoiding deep discharges of the battery.







An on-board "energy manager," which contains an embedded computer, can track the energy content of the battery and optimize the load division between the battery and engine when given a travel time by the driver over a specified route. It can command the engine to deliver more power whenever the alternative is a life-shortening deep discharge of the battery. The vehicle designer needs to perform a system-engineering analysis to optimize the ratings of the engine and battery. For this he needs to understand the power required to move the vehicle at desired speeds over hills on the expected routes, and through headwinds that vary from day to day.