石煤提釩環(huán)保型新工藝研究


摘  要

我國大多數石煤提釩廠都采用“鈉化焙燒—水浸—酸沉粗釩—堿溶—偏釩酸銨沉釩”這一傳統(tǒng)工藝流程。由于食鹽作為鈉化焙燒的添加劑，優(yōu)于其他鈉鹽，而被廣泛的應用。但是，由于其分解產生的氯氣和氯化氫氣體，嚴重影響生態(tài)平衡和生存環(huán)境[1]。研究一種環(huán)保型新工藝，是本次畢業(yè)設計試驗的主要目的。
本文針對鈉鹽焙燒會產生有毒有害氣體，而選用加氧化鈣的辦法進行氧化鈣化焙燒，同時廢水在系統(tǒng)內循環(huán)，達到無廢水或只有少量廢水排放的環(huán)保型新工藝。通過試驗，得到下列結果：當石煤與氧化鈣的比為100：8時，焙燒溫度950℃，焙燒時間4h，浸出溫度85℃，浸出時間3h，wt10%H2SO4介質，釩轉浸率為50%～51%之間。全流程釩的總收率在44%～45%之間。

關鍵詞  鈣化焙燒，酸浸，萃取-反萃，沉釩

ABSTRACT

Most of our coal stone vanadium plant "Na-baking-flooding-acid crude vanadium-alkali - NH4VO3 Shen V" - EC process[2～3]. Because as a sodium salt of baking additives other than sodium, which were widely used. However, due to the decomposition of chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas, seriously affecting the ecological balance and survival of the environment. Research a new type of environmental technology, is the graduation of the main design goal.
This paper will produce sodium baking poisonous gases, and use of calcium oxide and calcium oxide approach to roasting, The wastewater recycling within the system to achieve no or only a small amount of wastewater effluent discharge new environmental protection technology. Through testing, results were as follows : When the stone coal and calcium oxide compared to the 100 : 8, the calcination temperature 950℃, 4 hours roasting time, leaching temperature is 85℃, leaching time 3h, wt10% H2SO4, vanadium Baptist transfer rate of 50% ~ 51% . The whole process of vanadium in the total yield of between 44% ~ 45%.

Key words  Roasting calcification,acid leaching ,extraction-stripping,Shen V

目   錄

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

 1 緒論……………………………………………………………………………………………1
   1.1 課題簡介…………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 石煤提釩傳統(tǒng)工藝的形成…………………………………………………………………1
 1.3 鈣化焙燒工藝的特點………………………………………………………………………2
2 文獻綜述………………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1 課題背景…………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1.1歷史概況………………………………………………………………………….……3
2.1.2 國內外生產概況………………………………………………………………………3
2.2 釩的應用與發(fā)展前景 ……………………………………………………………………4
  2.2.1 主要應用………………………………………………………………………………4
2.2.2 發(fā)展前景………………………………………………………………………………5
3 試驗條件………………………………………………………………………………………6
    3.1 試驗原材料………………………………………………………………………………6
3.2 試驗設備…………………………………………………………………………………6
3.3 試驗方案…………………………………………………………………………………6
3.3.1 目的……………………………………………………………………………………6
    3.3.2 研究方法和工藝路線…………………………………………………………………6
    3.3.3 試驗條件………………………………………………………………………………7
3.4 試驗原理…………………………………………………………………………………8
 4 試驗結果與分析……………………………………………………………………………12
4.1 物料的物理與化學性質…………………………………………………………………12
4.2 焙燒………………………………………………………………………………………12
4.2.1 石灰添加量……………………………………………………………………………12
4.2.2 焙燒溫度………………………………………………………………………………12
     4.4.3 焙燒時間………………………………………………………………………………13
4.3 浸出………………………………………………………………………………………13
4.3.1硫酸濃度對釩浸出率的影響…………………………………………………………13
4.3.2 浸出液固比對釩浸出率的影響………………………………………………………14
4.3.3 浸泡時間對釩浸出率的影響況……………………………………………………15
4.3.4 浸出溫度對釩浸出率的影響………………………………………………………15
4.4 萃取與反萃……………………………………………………………………………15
 4.4.1 萃取pH……………………………………………………………………………15
 4.4.2 反萃劑的選擇………………………………………………………….…………16
4.5 沉釩與煅燒……………………………………………………………………………16
4.6 問題與討論……………………………………………………………………………17
結論……………………………………………………………………………………………18
 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………19
附錄A：用到的公式………………………………………………………………………21
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………22