基于PLC的十字路口信號(hào)燈控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘要
交通燈是一些重要路口不可缺少的信號(hào)燈，隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，交通擁擠、阻塞現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重，故交通狀況越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。自從交通燈發(fā)展以來(lái)，其內(nèi)部的電路控制系統(tǒng)在不斷的改進(jìn)，設(shè)計(jì)方法和核心部件也在不斷的改進(jìn)，從而使交通燈變得更加智能化。
可編程控制器（PLC）以微處理器為核心，普遍采用梯形圖語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行程序設(shè)計(jì)，編程容易，功能擴(kuò)展方便，修改靈活，而且結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)。歐姆龍可編程控制器指令豐富，可以接各種輸入輸出擴(kuò)充設(shè)備，其中的模擬輸入設(shè)備和通信設(shè)備更是符合交通燈控制系統(tǒng)的要求于特點(diǎn)，能夠方便地聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信。
本文采用環(huán)型傳感器對(duì)單個(gè)十字路口4相位車流量進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，用模糊推理算法算出一個(gè)方向的綠燈延遲時(shí)間，選擇了歐姆龍可編程控制器CP1H為核心部件，利用梯形圖和語(yǔ)句表進(jìn)行編程，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)保證了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定可靠，能根據(jù)不同的交通流量進(jìn)行模糊控制決策，優(yōu)化信號(hào)燈的配時(shí)，從而可以有效的解決交通流量不均衡、不穩(wěn)定帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。

關(guān)鍵詞：PLC   智能控制    交通信號(hào)燈
 
Based on PLC intersections lights control system design
Abstract
Traffic lights are essential lights at some major intersections, with the development of social economy, traffic congestion, blocking phenomenon increasingly serious, so more and more people pay attention to traffic condition.Since the development of traffic lights, the internal circuit control system are continue improvement, and design methods and core component are also continue improvement, so that the traffic lights have become more intelligent。
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is take the microprocessor as a core，general used the ladder language programming，and programming easy, convenient to expand function, modify flexible and simple structure, anti-interference ability strong。Omron programmable controller instructions rich，you can take a variety of input and output expansion device，including analog input devices and communications equipment is consistent with the requirements of traffic light control system, and can be easily networked communication。
In this paper take ring-type sensor on a single traffic intersection 4 phase detect the traffic flow, calculated with the fuzzy reasoning algorithm delay the green light in one direction,choose the Omron PLC CP1H as core components，use ladder diagram and statement list programming，according to the different fuzzy traffic control decisions to optimize the timing signal, which can effectively solve the traffic flow is not balanced and the instability problem。

Keywords：PLC    Intelligent control       Traffic lights
 
目   錄
              論文總頁(yè)數(shù)：38頁(yè)
1引言 1
1．1 課題背景 1
1．2 智能交通控制系統(tǒng)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展情況 1
1．3 課題研究目的和意義 2
1．4 課題的研究方法 3
2 可編程邏輯控制器工作原理 3
2．1 PLC的特點(diǎn) 3
2．2 PLC的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 4
2．3 PLC的工作原理 5
3 交通控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 7
3．1 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要求 7
3．2 方案設(shè)計(jì) 7
3．2．1 各路口車流量檢測(cè) 8
3．2．2綠燈延遲時(shí)間的確定 8
4  PLC軟硬件設(shè)計(jì) 11
4．1 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 11
4．1．1 PLC選型 11
4．1．2 PLC輸入輸出接線圖 11
4．1．3 I/O地址分配表 12
4．2  軟件設(shè)計(jì) 12
4．2．1流程圖設(shè)計(jì) 12
4．2．2根據(jù)流程圖可以編程出以下梯形圖程序 14
4．2．3語(yǔ)句表 18
5 實(shí)驗(yàn)室仿真調(diào)試 21
5．1  實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備 21
5．2  實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 22
5．3  運(yùn)行仿真 23
5．4  仿真結(jié)果 24
總    結(jié) 30
參考文獻(xiàn) 31
致    謝 32
聲    明 33
附    錄 34