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摘  要

湖泊底泥（淤泥）的固化技術(shù)已經(jīng)日漸成熟，并進(jìn)入了實(shí)踐工程應(yīng)用階段，但有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較高的底泥在固化之后，其中含有的氮元素仍然可能對(duì)周?chē)沫h(huán)境造成二次污染。為了深入地了解固化處理對(duì)底泥中的氮形態(tài)及浸出的影響，本文研究了普通水泥、硫鋁酸鹽水泥、膨潤(rùn)土單獨(dú)作為固化材料固化處理太湖底泥后，底泥中氮的形態(tài)和氮的浸出量改變情況；并分析了氮的浸出量與氮的形態(tài)之間的關(guān)系，以此來(lái)分析氮的浸出行為、浸出過(guò)程形態(tài)變化與外界條件之間的關(guān)系。目的在于探視底泥中氮的的潛在遷移規(guī)律，預(yù)測(cè)底泥中氮的的環(huán)境污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為含氮的底泥的固化處理提供理論依據(jù)。本文得出的主要結(jié)論包括：

    （1）底泥固化處理后，氮的的形態(tài)變化規(guī)律研究。普通水泥作為穩(wěn)定化材料處理時(shí)，根據(jù)不同的添加量和養(yǎng)護(hù)泥齡，穩(wěn)定態(tài)氮含量增加量在10%~50%之間；硫鋁酸鹽水泥作為穩(wěn)定化材料處理時(shí)，根據(jù)不同的添加量和養(yǎng)護(hù)泥齡，穩(wěn)定態(tài)氮含量增加量在5%~40%之間；膨潤(rùn)土作為穩(wěn)定化材料處理時(shí)，根據(jù)不同的添加量和養(yǎng)護(hù)泥齡，穩(wěn)定態(tài)氮含量增加量在-5%~40%之間。三種材料對(duì)太湖底泥進(jìn)行固化處理時(shí)，對(duì)氮的的穩(wěn)定化效果不相同，這可能與材料的性質(zhì)、氮的的特性有關(guān)。

（2）底泥固化處理后，氮的的浸出規(guī)律研究。用普通水泥、硫鋁酸鹽水泥和膨潤(rùn)土分別固化處理底泥后，底泥中氮的的浸出量都得到了不同程度的降低。

（3）在底泥的固化處理過(guò)程中，固化材料除了通過(guò)降低氮的非穩(wěn)定態(tài)的含量來(lái)降低氮的的浸出量外，還存在一些其他作用，如：包裹作用、物理吸附、化學(xué)吸附等；而且對(duì)于降低氮的的浸出量來(lái)說(shuō)，這些作用要比改變氮的形態(tài)有更好的效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：湖泊底泥、固化處理、氮的形態(tài)、浸出毒性

 

ABSTRACT

The lake sediment (silt) curing technology has matured, and has entered into the stage of practical engineering application, but high organic matter content of the sediment after curing, which contain nitrogen may still cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment. To in-depth understanding of the solidification treatment of sediment nitrogen forms and leaching effect, this paper studies the ordinary cement,sulphoaluminate cement, bentonite alone as curing curing treatment of sediment in Taihu Lake, sediment nitrogen forms and nitrogen leaching amount of change； and to analyze the relationship between the amount of nitrogen leaching and nitrogen forms, in order to analyze the relationship between the leaching behavior of nitrogen and leaching process of morphological change and external conditions. The aim is to predict the potential migration of nitrogen in sediment, and to predict the environmental pollution risk of nitrogen in sediment,and provide a theoretical basis for the curing and treatment of nitrogen containing sediment. The main conclusions of this paper include：

(1) After curing the sediment, the morphology of the nitrogen was studied. Portland cement as a stabilizing material handling, according to the different adding amount and curing sludge age, stable nitrogen content increased amount between 10% to 50%；sulphoaluminate cement as the stability of materials processing, according to the different adding amount and curing sludge age, stable nitrogen content increased between 5% ~ 40%；bentonite as the stability of materials processing,according to the different adding amount and mud maintenance age, stable nitrogen content increased between the -5%~40%. The effect of the stabilization of nitrogen on the nitrogen was different when the sediment was cured in Taihu by the three materials, which could be related to the properties and the properties of the material.

(2) Leaching law of nitrogen after curing sludge curing. With ordinary cement, sulphoaluminate cement and bentonite are respectively solidified sediment, sediment  

nitrogen leaching amount have been reduced in different degree.

(3) In sediment curing process, curing materials except through non stable state of reduced nitrogen content to reduce nitrogen leaching amount, there are still some of the other effects, such as encapsulation, physical adsorption and chemical adsorption； and to reduce nitrogen leaching amount to say, these effects to better than the change of nitrogen forms.

Key words：Lake sediment, Curing treatment, Nitrogen form, Leaching toxicity