摘 要
滾動(dòng)軸承是機(jī)械設(shè)備中的最常用部件之一，它具有摩擦阻力小，裝配較方便，潤(rùn)滑易實(shí)現(xiàn)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此在旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械上應(yīng)用較為普遍。軸承的好壞直接影響到機(jī)器的工作狀況，機(jī)器運(yùn)行中發(fā)生的任何故障或失效會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重后果，造成重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，所以對(duì)軸承進(jìn)行狀態(tài)檢測(cè)與故障診斷是非常必要的。
第一章簡(jiǎn)述了選題的目的和意義，故障診斷技術(shù)的發(fā)展，還有本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容。
第二章詳細(xì)介紹了滾動(dòng)軸承失效的基本形式，滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)類型和振動(dòng)機(jī)理，軸承的振動(dòng)診斷方法。
第三章簡(jiǎn)單介紹了傅立葉變換和快速傅立葉變換，用來描述信號(hào)的頻域信
息。主要研究了自相關(guān)函數(shù)和功率譜及到頻譜。
第四章主要通過MATLAB用傅立葉變換方法對(duì)所提取的振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析，得出它的頻譜圖、倒譜圖、自相關(guān)函數(shù)圖以及功率譜圖；并對(duì)所得圖像進(jìn)行分析，確定其故障類型。
第五章診斷軸承故障，得出結(jié)論。
關(guān)鍵詞 故障診斷 傅立葉變換 頻域分析 信號(hào)處理

Abstract
The roll bearing is the most important part of mechanical equipment, which has the merits of low friction resistance, installing convenience and lubricate easily realized. So it is commonly used in rotated machine. The stand or fall of bearing affects straightly the mechanical working state, any fault or invalidation took place in the running of the machine will bring serious sequence and great economic loss. So it is necessary to check the state of the bearing and diagnose the fault.
In chapter 1, the intention and meaning of the paper is introduced briefly. The development of fault diagnoses technology, and the research content of the paper are introduced.
In chapter 2, the basic invalidation form, vibration form, vibration mechanism and vibration diagnose methods of the roll bearing are discussed in detail
In chapter 3, FFT which describe the frequency information of the singnal is introduced briefly. Mainly studied the autocorrelation function and power spectrum and to the spectrum.
In chapter 4, By using FFT method of MATLAB extraction of vibration signal is analyzed, and its spectrum diagram and cepstrum figure, autocorrelation function diagram and power spectrum. And the image, the paper analyzes the failure types.
In chapter 5, Diagnosis of bearing fault, conclusions
Keywords：fault diagnosis fourier fransform frequency analysis Signal processing

目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract I
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究的目的和意義 1
1.2故障診斷的內(nèi)容 2
1.2.1故障診斷的定義 2
1.2.2滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷的內(nèi)容 2
1.3動(dòng)軸承故障診斷的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀 3
1.4 本文的主要工作 5
第二章 滾動(dòng)軸承故障機(jī)理 5
2.1滾動(dòng)軸承失效的基本形式 6
2.2滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)機(jī)理 7
2.3滾動(dòng)軸承的振動(dòng)類型 8
2.4滾動(dòng)軸承的故障特征頻率 9
2.5滾動(dòng)軸承的故障特征分析 12
2.5.1由滾動(dòng)軸承固有特性引起的振動(dòng) 12
2.5.2由滾動(dòng)軸承制造引起的振動(dòng) 14
2.5.3由滾動(dòng)軸承損傷而引起的振動(dòng) 14
第3章 故障診斷信號(hào)處理基礎(chǔ)[13] 19
3.1信號(hào)的預(yù)處理 19
3.1.1零均值化 19
3.1.2消除趨勢(shì)項(xiàng) 20
3.2傅里葉變換 20
3.2.1 快速傅立葉變換[15] 23
3.3相關(guān)函數(shù)診斷法 31
3.3.1自相關(guān)函數(shù)定義 31
3.3.2自相關(guān)函數(shù)的性質(zhì) 32
3.3.3自相關(guān)函數(shù)在故障診斷中的應(yīng)用 33
3.4 頻域分析 34
3.4.1功率譜 34
3.4.2 倒頻譜 36
第四章 信號(hào)處理及故障診斷 37
結(jié) 論 44
致 謝 45
參考文獻(xiàn)： 46
附錄1 48
附錄2 54