摘　要
近年來，由于單片機具有價格低、體積小、重量輕、靈活性強等特點，得到越來越廣泛的應用。51系列單片機由于具有較強的抗干擾能力、開發(fā)應用方便等特點，已成為單片機領(lǐng)域的實際標準，在中小型應用場合都很常見。但由于單片機在計算能力、存儲容量方面的限制，因此在進行復雜的數(shù)據(jù)處理時一般采用單片機作為數(shù)據(jù)采集的前沿機，高性能PC機作為主機對系統(tǒng)的智能前沿機進行管理和控制。串行通信是一種常用的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式，雖然它的傳輸速度慢，但因其占用的通信線路少、成本低，在PC冗余控制和分布式測控系統(tǒng)中，主要還是采用串行通信方式進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。
目前，串行通信程序的開發(fā)，在Windows操作系統(tǒng)下一般采用VB、VC、Delphi等編寫，當用VB、VC開發(fā)串行通信程序時，開發(fā)人員不得不面對非常繁瑣的API函數(shù)編程。由于Delphi包含功能豐富的VCL庫，而且封裝了大量的Windows API 函數(shù)，因而是開發(fā)串行通信的首選工具,本畢業(yè)設(shè)計就是用匯編對溫度進行采集處理，并用Delphi作為數(shù)據(jù)接收系統(tǒng)進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)南到y(tǒng).
關(guān)鍵詞：Delphi , 單片機, 串行通信, 數(shù)據(jù)采集

Abstract
      In recent years, SCM with low prices, small size, light weight, flexibility, and other characteristics, be more widely used. Because 51 SCM has a stronger anti-interference capabilities, facilitate the development and application of the characteristics of the area，it has become the actual standard SCM, in small and medium-sized applications can be seen everywhere. However, due to SCM in computing power, storage capacity constraints, the data-processing complex in general when using SCM as the leading edge of data acquisition, high-performance PC as a host to the forefront of the intelligent management and Control. Serial Communication is a common method of data transmission, although it's slow transmission speed, but because of the use of communication lines small, low-cost, redundant control and the PC Distributed Control System, the main means of communication or the use of a serial Data transmission.
   At present, the serial communication procedures for the development of the Windows operating system under the general VB, VC, Delphi, and so prepared, when using VB, VC serial communication development process, developers have to face a very complicated API function programming. As Delphi VCL includes the feature-rich, and Packaging, a large number of Windows API function, which is to develop serial communication tool of choice, graduated from the design of this compilation is to use the temperature acquisition and processing, serial transmission and development of the data with Delphi Receiving system for data collection shows that the transmission loop system.
Key words: Delphi, SCM, Serial Communications, Data Acquisition

目  錄
1  前　言 1
2  系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 1
2.1  硬件電路原理圖 2
2.2  軟件設(shè)計方案 3
2.3仿真結(jié)果 3
3  單片機基礎(chǔ)知識 7
3.1  單片機簡介 7
3.2  AT89C51簡介 7
3.3  AT89C51單片機內(nèi)部的組成結(jié)構(gòu)圖 7
3.4 主要特性 8
3.5 管腳說明 9
3.6振蕩器特性 11
3.7芯片擦除 11
3.8串口通訊 11
3.9  單片機的一般應用 15
4其他主要芯片及器件 17
4.1 RS232C通信接口 17
4.1.1電氣特性 19
4.1.2連接器的機械特性 20
4.2 MAX232芯片 21
4.3  TLC0831 AD轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 24
4.4  74LS04反相器 25
4.5 編/解碼芯片 HX2262/2272 26
5  系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 27
5.1  主程序方案 27
5.1.1下位機主程序設(shè)計方案 27
5.1.2上位機主程序設(shè)計方案 28
5.2  系統(tǒng)流程 28
5.2.1下位機系統(tǒng)流程圖 28
5.2.2上位機系統(tǒng)流程圖 29
5.3  各模塊子程序設(shè)計 31
5.3.1下位機匯編程序設(shè)計 31
5.3.2上位機Delphi語言程序設(shè)計 33
6  系統(tǒng)仿真PROTEUS和編譯KEILC軟件 38
6.1  PROTEUS ISIS仿真系統(tǒng)基本知識 39
6.1.1  系統(tǒng)概述 39
6.1.2  進入Proteus ISIS 40
6.1.3  Proteus工作界面及窗口說明 40
6.1.4 Proteus繪圖流程舉例 42
6.2  KEIL CX51軟件的使用 43
6.2.1  創(chuàng)建項目 43
6.2.2  為項目新建文件 45
6.2.3  生成.HEX文件 45
7 硬件制作與調(diào)試 46
7.1 焊接與燒錄 46
7.2電路調(diào)試 48
7.3 調(diào)試結(jié)果 49
8 總  結(jié) 50
 致 謝 52
 參考文獻 53