畢業(yè)論文 鋰電池充電器的設(shè)計


鋰電池充電器的設(shè)計
摘   要
鋰離子電池由于能量密度高和長循環(huán)壽命等優(yōu)點，在便攜式設(shè)備中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。充電管理是鋰電池管理的重要組成部分，安全、可靠、快速、高效的鋰電池充電器對鋰電池的性能及應(yīng)用起著至關(guān)重要的作用。
本文從鋰電池的結(jié)構(gòu)原理著手，通過對鋰電池性能及常用充電方法的研究，分析了充電過程及充電方法對鋰電池性能的影響，并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了一款智能鋰離子的充電器。此充電器可對目前市場上具有的各種型號和容量的鋰電池進行快速安全的充電。采用這種方案進行鋰電池充電器的開發(fā)具有成本廉價和易于編程升級的優(yōu)點，有著廣闊的市場前景。
在硬件方面，完成了單片機系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，包括系統(tǒng)電壓、電流、溫度的采樣及功能按鍵等。軟件方面，采用模塊化的程序設(shè)計，介紹了模塊劃分和各模塊的功能，實現(xiàn)的具體算法，給出了流程圖，并根據(jù)系統(tǒng)工作需求進行了低功耗和軟件抗干擾設(shè)計，確保了系統(tǒng)運行的可靠穩(wěn)定性。本設(shè)計提高了充電器智能化水平，更精確的實現(xiàn)充電過程控制，保護電池，延長電池壽命。

關(guān)鍵詞：ADC（模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換）；PWM（脈寬調(diào)制）；C8051F300 單片機

The design of lithium battery charger
Abstract
Lithium battery is being widely used in the suitable selection for portable application for their high energy density and long life. Charging management is the essential part in battery management. Safe, reliable, fast and high efficient charger guarantees good performance and application of the battery.
The structure, performance and charging method of Lithium battery is studied in this thesis. And different impacts on the performance of battery via different charging ways and process are analyzed in detail, based on which, an intelligent charger for Lithium battery is designed. The charger can charge all kinds of lithium batteries quickly and safely. Exploiting the charger of lithium batteries this way has the advantage of low cost and easy to upgrade in programming, which has a vast market prospect.
In hardware，the thesis achieves the hardware detail circuit including the MCU system，voltage，current，temperature sampling circuit and key-press. In software, the design adopts modular procedures，which analysis the plotting and function of each module，and the specific way of realization，are introduced. According to the work demands of the system，low power consumption and software anti-interference are designed，which in sure the safety and reliability of the system. The design can improves the intellectualization level of the battery charger, realize the control to the charge process more precisely, and lengthens the battery life.

Key Words: ADC; PWM; C8051F300

目   錄
摘   要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章  緒  論 1
1.1  課題背景 1
1.2 鋰離子電池的工作原理 2
1.3 鋰離子電池的電特性及充電方式 3
1.3.1 鋰離子電池的充放電特性 3
1.3.2 鋰電池的充電方法 4
1.4 課題意義 7
第二章 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 8
2.1  系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計方案 8
2.2 充電電路的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn) 10
2.2.1 單片機選型 10
2.2.2 電源模塊的設(shè)計 11
2.2.3 單片機外圍電路的設(shè)計 12
2.2.4 快速轉(zhuǎn)換器的設(shè)計 13
2.2.5 快速調(diào)節(jié)器操作 14
2.2.6 選擇快速轉(zhuǎn)換器的電感 15
2.2.7 JTAG口設(shè)計 15
2.3 鋰離子電池的充電過程 17
2.4 充電過程參數(shù)控制 18
第三章  PCB板布線 20
第四章  系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 22
4.1  系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計的組成部分 22
4.1.1 主程序 22
4.1.2 校準ADC子程序 24
4.1.3 監(jiān)測電池子程序 25
4.1.4 快速充電子程序 26
4.1.5 低電流充電子程序 27
4.1.6 關(guān)閉PWM子程序 28
4.1.7 測量子程序 28
4.1.8 調(diào)節(jié)電壓子程序 29
4.1.9 調(diào)節(jié)電流子程序 30
4.1.10 中斷服務(wù)程序 31
4.2  系統(tǒng)軟件調(diào)試 32
第五章  結(jié)論 34
參 考 文 獻 35
附錄A  鋰電池充電器原理圖 36
附錄B 鋰電池充電器的PCB板 37
附錄C  鋰電池充電器程序設(shè)計 38
致  謝 58