數(shù)控加工工藝分析與設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)

摘    要

高效率、高精度加工是數(shù)控機(jī)床加工最主要特點(diǎn)之一。利用數(shù)控機(jī)床加工，其產(chǎn)品加工的質(zhì)量一致性好，加工精度和效率均比普通機(jī)床高出很多，尤其在輪廓不規(guī)則、復(fù)雜的曲線或曲面、多工藝復(fù)合化加工和高精度要求的產(chǎn)品加工時(shí)，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床所無(wú)法比擬的。本課題對(duì)異性體、復(fù)雜的曲線、多工藝復(fù)合化加工進(jìn)行探索，設(shè)計(jì)出三種切實(shí)可行的工藝流程及工藝裝備。在產(chǎn)品的加工過(guò)程中，工件在夾具內(nèi)的定位和夾緊顯得特別重要。須根據(jù)六點(diǎn)定位對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行合理的定位，欠定位、完全定位還是過(guò)定位都須根據(jù)實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程決定。夾具是涵蓋了從加工到組裝的幾乎所有操作過(guò)程的一種裝夾設(shè)備。由于大量的加工操作需要裝夾，夾具設(shè)計(jì)在制造系統(tǒng)中就變得非常重要，它直接影響加工質(zhì)量，生產(chǎn)率和制造成本。本文通過(guò)分析支承套的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和加工要求，制定了一套較合理的夾具設(shè)計(jì)，從而為保證該零件的加工精度將提供一種經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的工藝裝備，具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。通過(guò)對(duì)各種定位夾緊裝置的分析比較，選擇并組合了一套既能夠滿足加工要求的，又比較簡(jiǎn)潔的裝置，并對(duì)各工步進(jìn)行數(shù)控編程。

關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控加工，工藝流程，工藝裝備，夾具設(shè)計(jì)

ABSTRACT

The high efficiency, the precision work are one of numerical control engine bed processing most main characteristics. Using the numerical control engine bed processing, its product processing quality uniformity is good, the processing precision and the efficiency outdo compared to the ordinary engine bed very much, especially when outline not rule, complex curve or curved surface, multi-craft recombine processing and high accuracy request product processing, its merit is the traditional engine bed is unable to compare. This topic to the opposite sex body, the complex curve, the multi-craft recombine processing carries on the exploration, designs three practical and feasible technical processes and the craft equipment. In the product processing process, the work piece appears in jig localization and the clamp specially importantly. Must act according to six localizations to carry on the reasonable localization to the product, owes the localization, locates completely crosses the localization all to have to act according to the actual production process decision. The jig covered from has processed clamps the equipment to the assembly nearly all operating process one kind of attire. Because the massive processing operation needs to install clamps, the jig design changes can it be that the constant weight in the manufacture system to want, it affects the processing quality directly, the productivity and the production cost. This article through the analysis support components, the air compressor snifting valve lid as well as the supporting the unique feature and the processing request which wraps, has formulated a set of reasonable jig design, thus for guaranteed this components the processing precision will provide one economical practical craft equipment, will have certain practical value. Through to each kind of localization clamp analysis comparison, chose and combines a set both to be able to satisfy the processing request, and the quite succinct installment, and carried on the numerical control programming to each step working procedure.

Key word:  numerical control processing, technical process, craft equipment, jig design

目  錄

摘要…………………………………………………………………………  1
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………  2
0 引言………………………………………………………………………  4
1 數(shù)控加工技術(shù)概述………………………………………………………  5
1．1 數(shù)控加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展…………………………………………………  5
1．2 數(shù)控加工工藝的特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………  6
1．3 數(shù)控機(jī)床與普通機(jī)床相比具有的優(yōu)越性……………………………  7
2 夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程……………………………………………………………  9
2．1 設(shè)計(jì)夾具的目的………………………………………………………  9
2．2 夾具的分類…………………………………………………………  10
2．3 專用夾具的組成……………………………………………………  12
2．4 典型的定位元件……………………………………………………  13
2．5 夾具中的夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)…………………………………………………  16
2．6 夾具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)……………………………………………………  17
3 機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的制定……………………………………………  19
3．1 機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的作用…………………………………………  20
3．2 機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的制定程序……………………………………  20  
3．3 毛坯的選擇…………………………………………………………  21

3．4 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇……………………………………………………  22
3．5 零件表面加工方法的選擇…………………………………………  24
3．6 加工順序的安排……………………………………………………  25
4．1 支承套………………………………………………………………  27
4．1．1 零件加工工藝分析………………………………………………  27
4．1．2 毛坯的選擇………………………………………………………  28
4．1．3 數(shù)控加工工藝分析及工序設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………  31
4．1．4夾具設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………  34
5 結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………  36
6 致謝……………………………………………………………………  37
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………  38

附錄1……………………………………………………………………  39