淺析語境與翻譯
院 部： 外國語學(xué)院
專 業(yè)： 英語（商務(wù)方向）
純英語畢業(yè)論文
摘 要
語言是一種社會現(xiàn)象，是在某種社會的某種環(huán)境中使用的。同時語言也是人類所獨有的信息傳遞工具。人們在利用語言進行信息傳遞的時候，總要有其特定的語言環(huán)境。在搞翻譯工作時，如果不管語境，就會遇到種種棘手的難題。大量的研究成果表明，語境在翻譯的理論研究和應(yīng)用研究中都占有極其重要的地位。在翻譯領(lǐng)域，語境已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外譯者和翻譯理論家們研究的熱點，但他們大多數(shù)人還只是就某一具體問題或某一方面問題加以分析，或是從影響語境的某些因素加以研究。本文從語境的三個方面（語內(nèi)語境、情景語境、文化語境）對語境對于翻譯的影響進行了研究。
本論文共分六章。
第一章是引言部分，闡明了本課題研究的重要意義、目的及文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
第二章是語境研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。作者回顧了語境理論的發(fā)展。
第三章主要探討語境的本質(zhì)，定義及分類。具體闡述語境對翻譯的影響。
第四章分為兩部分，主要闡述語內(nèi)語境與翻譯的關(guān)系，重點分析了語內(nèi)語境中的詞語語境與語句語境。詞語語境對翻譯的影響一節(jié)中介紹了歧義—一詞多義與同形異義，同義詞，反義詞的連用現(xiàn)象。語句語境對翻譯的影響一節(jié)中介紹了替代、省略、連接以及重復(fù)。最后簡單論述了句子語境的確定與解釋功能。
第五章主要闡述情景語境與翻譯的關(guān)系,介紹了語域的概念，并且將語域分為語場，語式及語旨。本章首先通過舉例說明不同語場對于翻譯的影響。接著同樣通過舉例說明不同語式對于翻澤的影響，語式部分還討論了修辭的翻譯,語旨被分成四個部分，通過舉例說明了它對于翻譯的影響。
第六章主要闡述文化語境與翻譯的關(guān)系。本章首先論述了語言與文化以及翻譯與文化的關(guān)系，又詳細討論了不同文化中不同的思維方式，不同的歷史背景，不同的地理環(huán)境，以及不同的宗教信仰與翻譯的關(guān)系。
結(jié)論部分概括了本論文所論述的語境，翻譯以及二者的關(guān)系，總結(jié)了本文的觀點，即翻譯作品質(zhì)量的好壞很大程度上受到語境的影響，脫離了語境，翻譯工作就無法展開。
關(guān)鍵詞 語言 翻譯 語內(nèi)語境 情景語境 文化語境

Abstract

Language is a social phenomenon. It is only used in a certain environment of certain society. And it is a tool used only by our human. There is always a special language environment when people use it to communicate. While if translators translate articles without take the language environment---context into consideration, many problems will certainly arise. A large number of studies show that context indeed plays a very significant role in translation studies and practice. However in the field of translation, context has already become a hot point in translators and translation theorists in China. But most of them only studied a single aspect, or certain elements that influence context. Now this essay studies the importance of context from three aspects: linguistic context, situational context, cultural context.
This essay consists of six chapters.
The first chapter is the introductory part, which reflects the significance of the study coupled with its aims in writing as well as the whole structure of this essay.
The second chapter is about the theoretic background of the study on context. In the first part, the author reviews the development of the theory of context.
The third chapter reflects the nature of context. It concerns the definition. and classification of context. At the same time, it discusses how context influences translation.
The fourth chapter deals with linguistic context and translation which include two parts. Here the meaning of linguistic context contains word context and sentence context. And the first part is going to discuss how the linguistic context influences translation, ambiguity, antonyms and synonyms. While the second part forces on the relationship between sentence context and translation through substitute, ellipsis and so on.
The fifth chapter mainly concerns on situational context and translation. This chapter introduced the concept of register which is consists of field, mode, and tenor. And at the beginning of the chapter gives different examples to explain the relations between these three factors and translation. Meanwhile, the translation of rhetoric is included in the part of mode.
The sixth chapter talks about the cultural context and translation .At first; it introduces the relation between language and culture as well as the relation between translation and culture. Then it provides various examples to reflect the relations between different thought patterns, historical background, geographic culture, religious culture and translation.
In the conclusion summarizes the problems of context, translation and their relation. Thus the context largely affects the work of translation and it is impossible for translators to do their job without take context into consideration.

Key words language： translation; linguistic context; situational context; cultural context
Contents
Chapter One Introduction……………………………………………………………
Chapter Two Theoretic Background of the Study on Context……………………
2.1 Previous theoretic exploration in context
2.1.1 Malinowski’s contribution to the study of context
2..