我國(guó)自動(dòng)化現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì)[外文翻譯]

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通過(guò)學(xué)科導(dǎo)論講座，讓我對(duì)自動(dòng)化行業(yè)及其技術(shù)應(yīng)用范圍有了一定的了解。通過(guò)授課及課余相關(guān)資料的查詢，讓我有了對(duì)本專(zhuān)業(yè)所涉及的行業(yè)技術(shù)有了更近一步的認(rèn)識(shí)。工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)正在向智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和集成化方向發(fā)展。
自動(dòng)化技術(shù)是一種運(yùn)用控制理論、儀器儀表、計(jì)算機(jī)和其它信息技術(shù)，對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)檢測(cè)、控制、優(yōu)化、調(diào)度、管理和決策，達(dá)到增加產(chǎn)量、提高質(zhì)量、降低消耗、確保安全等目的的綜合性技術(shù)，主要包括工業(yè)自動(dòng)化軟件、硬件和系統(tǒng)三大部分。
自動(dòng)化技術(shù)作為20世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代制造領(lǐng)域中最重要的技術(shù)之一，主要解決生產(chǎn)效率與一致性問(wèn)題。雖然自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)本身并不直接創(chuàng)造效益，但它對(duì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程有明顯的提升作用。
我國(guó)工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展道路，大多是在引進(jìn)成套設(shè)備的同時(shí)進(jìn)行消化吸收，然后進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用。目前我國(guó)工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)和應(yīng)用都有了很大的發(fā)展，我國(guó)工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)行業(yè)已經(jīng)形成。工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)正在向智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和集成化方向發(fā)展。
以工業(yè)pc為基礎(chǔ)的低成本工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化將成為主流 。眾所周知，從20世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始，西方國(guó)家就依靠技術(shù)進(jìn)步（即新設(shè)備、新工藝以及計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用）開(kāi)始對(duì)傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)進(jìn)行改造，使工業(yè)得到飛速發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)末世界上最大的變化就是全球市場(chǎng)的形成。全球市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)致競(jìng)爭(zhēng)空前激烈，促使企業(yè)必須加快新產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)時(shí)間（time to market）、改善質(zhì)量（quality）、降低成本（cost）以及完善服務(wù)體系（service），這就是企業(yè)的t.q.c.s.。雖然計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)（cims）結(jié)合信息集成和系統(tǒng)集成，追求更完善的t.q.c.s.，使企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)“在正確的時(shí)間，將正確的信息以正確的方式傳給正確的人，以便作出正確的決策”，即“五個(gè)正確”。然而這種自動(dòng)化需要投入大量的資金，是一種高投資、高效益同時(shí)是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展模式，很難為大多數(shù)中小企業(yè)所采用。在我國(guó)，中小型企業(yè)以及準(zhǔn)大型企業(yè)走的還是低成本工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化的道路。

Status and trends of our automation
Introduction disciplines through lectures, let me scope for automation industry and its technological applications has some understanding. Through the medium of the relevant information and after-school enquiries, I have the professional involved in the technology industry have gained more knowledge. Industrial automation technology is the intelligent control, networking and integrated direction.
Automation technology is an application of control theory, instrumentation, computer and other information technology for industrial production processes to detect, control, optimization, control, management and decision-making, to increase production, improve quality, reduce consumption, to ensure security purposes integrated technology, including industrial automation software, hardware and systems three most.
Automation technology as a field of the 20th century modern manufacturing one of the most important technologies, the main settlement production efficiency and consistency. Although the automated system itself does not directly create benefits, but it is obvious to enterprise production process.
Industrial automation control our development path, mostly in the introduction of complete sets of equipment simultaneously absorption, and then proceed to the second development and application. At present, China's industrial control automation technology, industry and applications have seen the development of our industrial computer systems industry has been formed. Industrial automation technology is the intelligent control, networking and integrated direction.
To industrial pc-based low-cost industrial control automation will become mainstream. As is well known, from the 1960s, Western countries will depend on technological advances (that is, new equipment, new techniques and computer applications) began to transform traditional industries and the rapid development of the industry. At the end of the 20th century, the world's largest change is a global market. Global market led to an unprecedented intense competition, enterprises must accelerate new products to market more time (time to market), improved quality (quality), lower cost (cost) and perfect service system (service), which is a t.q.c.s enterprise. While computer integrated manufacturing systems (cims) integration of information integration and system integration, the pursuit of better t.q.c.s.That enables businesses to achieve "at the right time, the right message to the correct way to the right people to make the right decision," that is, "five correct." However, this automation will require substantial financial 。。。