高分子材料與工程畢業(yè)論文

新型丙烯酸酯乳液的研制

摘要
聚合物微乳液具有非常廣泛的用途，但早期的微乳液中單體的含量較低，乳化劑含量過(guò)高，耐水性差，這就限制了微乳液聚合的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。本文通過(guò)引進(jìn)新的功能單體二聚酸（DA）改性丙烯酸酯乳液，采用了半連續(xù)種子乳液聚合的方法合成出了一種高固含量、高耐水性、低乳化劑含量的新型丙烯酸酯微乳液，通過(guò)紅外光譜（FTIR）對(duì)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表征，并通過(guò)各種測(cè)試手段測(cè)試所合成的乳液性能，如粒徑、粘度、吸水率、固含量、乳液穩(wěn)定性等；通過(guò)改變各原料之間的配比來(lái)研究影響乳液性能的因素，并通過(guò)對(duì)乳化劑含量和陰/非離子乳化劑的配比、引發(fā)劑用量、單體之間配比的研究來(lái)確定最終的配方；本實(shí)驗(yàn)還通過(guò)加入甲基丙烯酸-β-羥乙酯(HEMA)和改變其用量來(lái)提高乳液性能。最終合成出一種乳化劑含量在2%~3%、固含量為40%~50%、乳液粒徑在70nm左右的高耐水性新型丙烯酸酯乳液，具有較好的綜合性能。

關(guān)鍵詞：乳液聚合，丙烯酸酯微乳液，高耐水性，高固含量
 
The study of new acrylate emulsion
Abstract 
The polymer microemulsion has been used extensively,but in the early stage of microemulsion, monomer content is relatively low, emulsifier content is too high, and the water resistance is poor, all of them limit the widespread application of microemulsion polymerization. In this paper, microemulsion was improved through the introduction of a new micro-functional monomer. A new acrylate microemulsion with high solid content, high water resistance and low surfactant concentration was synthesized by the semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The products were characterized by Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR).The performance of synthetic latex such as particle size, viscosity, water absorption, solid content, emulsion stability was tested through a variety of tests. The factors that affect the properties of emulsion were studied by changing the ratio among the raw materials, then the final formula was determined mainly by studying the content of emulsifier, anionic/non-ionic emulsifier ratio, the amount of initiator, monomer ratio and so on; Methacrylic acid-β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was also used in this experiment, moreover, its usage was also changed in order to improve the properties of emulsion. In this study, a new acrylate microemulsion with a particle size of 70nm, low surfactant concentration (about2%~3wt%), high solid content (40%~50wt%)and high water resistance was synthesized finally. The new acrylate microemulsion has good overall performance.

Key words:emulsion polymerization,acrylate microemulsion,high water resistance,high solid content
 
目錄
1.緒論 1
1.1微乳液聚合的概述 1
1.1.1微乳液聚合國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.2微乳液聚合的特點(diǎn)及機(jī)理 2
1.1.3微乳液聚合研究熱點(diǎn) 4
1.1.4微乳液聚合的應(yīng)用發(fā)展前景展望 5
1.2丙烯酸酯微乳液聚合概述 5
1.2.1概述 5
1.2.2丙烯酸酯微乳液的應(yīng)用及展望 6
1.3二聚酸簡(jiǎn)介 7
1.4本課題研究的目的及內(nèi)容 7
2實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 8
2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品 8
2.2實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器 8
2.3丙烯酸酯微乳液的合成 8
2.3.1丙烯酸酯單體的選擇 8
2.3.2乳液聚合基本反應(yīng)原理 9
2.3.3實(shí)驗(yàn)流程簡(jiǎn)介 10
2.4性能測(cè)試 10
2.4.1紅外分析 10
2.4.2粒徑及其分布 10
2.4.3固含量及轉(zhuǎn)化率 10
2.4.4凝聚率(Coagulation) 11
2.4.5乳液粘度的測(cè)定 11
2.4.6吸水率 11
2.4.7鉛筆硬度 12
2.4.8附著力 12
2.4.9乳液機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性 12
2.4.10鈣離子穩(wěn)定性 12
2.4.11儲(chǔ)存穩(wěn)定性 12
2.4.12稀釋穩(wěn)定性 12
2.4.13凍融穩(wěn)定性 12
3 結(jié)果與討論 13
3.1丙烯酸酯單體的選擇 13
3.2引發(fā)劑對(duì)乳液性能的影響 13
3.3乳化劑對(duì)乳液性能的影響 15
3.3.1乳化劑用量對(duì)乳液的影響 15
3.3.2乳化劑配比對(duì)乳液的影響 15
3.4功能性單體DA的影響 16
3.5 助乳化劑HEMA的影響 19
3.6紅外光譜分析 19
4 結(jié)論與展望 21
致謝 22
參考文獻(xiàn) 23