摘   要


   恒溫控制在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中舉足輕重，溫度的控制直接影響著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。溫度控制是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中經(jīng)常遇到的過程控制。對于不同的場所、不同工藝，所需的溫度高低范圍、精度就不同，所以需要的控溫方式也多種多樣。本設計是基于AT89C51單片機得恒溫箱控制系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)分為硬件和軟件兩部分，其中硬件包括：溫度傳感器、顯示和控制的設計；軟件包括：鍵盤管理程序流程設計、顯示程序流程設計和測溫程序流程設計。編寫程序結(jié)合硬件進行調(diào)試，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)設置和調(diào)節(jié)的初始溫度值，進行數(shù)碼管顯示，當加熱到設定值后立即停止加熱。另外，本系統(tǒng)通過軟件實現(xiàn)對按鍵誤差、加熱過熱的調(diào)整，以提高系統(tǒng)的安全性、可靠性和穩(wěn)定性。本設計從實際應用出發(fā)選取了體積小、精度相對較高的數(shù)字式溫度傳感元件DS18B20作為溫度采集器，單片機AT89C51作為主芯片，數(shù)碼管作為顯示輸出，實現(xiàn)了對溫度的實時監(jiān)測與恒定控制。

   

關鍵詞：單片機；溫度傳感器；恒溫；控制

 

Abstract


The thermostatical control plays a paramount role in the process of industrial production, temperature control directly affects the industrial output and quality. Temperature control is ever-present control process in industrial production process. It requires different range of temperature and precision accuracy for different places and different techniques, thus it needs variety of ways to control temperature. This project is the thermostatical box control system based on the AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuits. This design is divided into two parts: software and hardware parts. The hardware includes temperature sensor and the design of display and control. The software includes keyboard control programs and the programming of display and temperature measurement. It can set the initial value, adjust the temperature, display the nixie tube and stop heating immediately when heating to the set value by programming and debugging combining the hardware. Also, the project can improve it is reliability, security and stability through the software with key errors and the heating process of adjusting. With the practical application, I apply the digital sensing element DS18B20, which has the advantages of small size and the relatively high procision as the temperature collection, singlechip AT89C51 as the main chip, nixie tube as display output. These accomplish the real-time monitoring and control of the constant.


Key words: Singlechip；Temperature sensor；Thermostatical ；Control

 

目  錄


第一章 緒  論 1

1.1 溫度控制的背景介紹 1

1.2 設計方案的選定 2

1.2.1 方案對比 2

1.2.2 設計總框圖 2

第二章 所選用元件的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理 4

2.1 單片機AT89C51的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理 4

2.1.1 單片機AT89C51的簡介 4

2.1.2 單片機AT89C51的主要性能參數(shù) 5

2.1.3 單片機AT89C51的管腳說明 5

2.2 溫度傳感器DS18B20的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理 7

2.2.1 溫度傳感器DS18B20的簡介 7

2.2.2 溫度傳感器DS18B20的性能特點 8

2.2.3 溫度傳感器DS18B20的管腳排列 9

2.2.4 溫度傳感器DS18B20的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 9

2.2.5 溫度傳感器DS18B20的測溫原理 10

2.2.6 DS18B20的4個主要的數(shù)據(jù)部件 10

2.3 數(shù)碼管輸出 12

第三章 硬件單元電路設計 14

3.1 設計總電路 14

3.2 電源電路 14

3.3 電熱驅(qū)動電路 15

3.4 鍵盤接口電路 16

3.5 蜂鳴電路 16

3.6 復位電路 17

3.7 時鐘電路 17

第四章  系統(tǒng)軟件設計 18

4.1 設計總流程 18

4.2 溫度傳感器DS18B20測溫流程 19

4.3 LED顯示流程 20

4.4 鍵盤控制流程 21

結(jié)  論 22

參考文獻 23

附  錄 24

附件一：設計系統(tǒng)總電路圖 24

附件二：系統(tǒng)控制總流程 25

附件三:部分源程序 26

1.溫度傳感器DS18B20參考子程序 26

2.LED參考子程序 26

3.按鍵參考子程序 27

謝  辭 30