摘 要
近年來(lái)隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用正在不斷深入，同時(shí)帶動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)控制檢測(cè)技術(shù)日益更新。在實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和自動(dòng)控制的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中，單片機(jī)往往作為一個(gè)核心部件來(lái)使用，僅單片機(jī)方面知識(shí)是不夠的，還應(yīng)根據(jù)具體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)軟硬件結(jié)合，加以完善。
交通信號(hào)燈控制方式很多。本系統(tǒng)采用以單片機(jī)AT89S52為中心器件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)交通燈控制器，實(shí)現(xiàn)了通過(guò)AT89S52芯片的P1口設(shè)置紅、綠燈燃亮?xí)r間的功能；紅綠燈循環(huán)點(diǎn)亮，倒計(jì)時(shí)剩5秒時(shí)黃燈點(diǎn)亮警示（交通燈信號(hào)通過(guò)P1口輸出，顯示時(shí)間直接通過(guò)AT89S52的P0口輸出至雙位數(shù)碼管）；時(shí)間倒計(jì)時(shí)可通過(guò)雙位數(shù)碼管顯示。本系統(tǒng)實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、操作簡(jiǎn)單、擴(kuò)展功能強(qiáng)。
本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于MCS-51單片機(jī)的交通燈控制系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)主要包括硬件電路和軟件程序。在比較論證的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)了滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求的電路，并編寫(xiě)相應(yīng)的軟件程序。系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，通過(guò)定時(shí)系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)時(shí)間的設(shè)定，由狀態(tài)控制系統(tǒng)來(lái)設(shè)定交通燈的狀態(tài)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，使用LED數(shù)碼管對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行譯碼顯示，使每一通道上不僅能夠顯示交通燈的狀態(tài)，還能提醒行人剩余時(shí)間，給行人和車輛的通行提供了很大的方便。應(yīng)用單片機(jī)AT89S52來(lái)完成整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的控制，采用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)軟件。系統(tǒng)具有較強(qiáng)功能，體積小，成本低，有一定的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。


關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī) 交通燈 調(diào)試
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of science and technology in recent years, SCM applications are deepening at the same time promote the growing of traditional control detection technology updates. In real-time detection and automatic control of the microcomputer application system, the microcontroller is often used as a core component, only the microcontroller is not enough knowledge, but also based on specific hardware structure of hardware and software combination to be improved.
Traffic signal control many ways. The system uses MSC-51 Series Microcontroller AT89C51-centric devices to design traffic signal controllers and achieved through the P1 port AT89C51 chip set of red, green, gave the time of the function; traffic light cycle of light, the countdown 5 seconds left when the yellow lamp lit warning (traffic light signals through the P1 port output, display time directly through the P0 port output AT89C51 to double-digit nixie tube); Time countdown can be a double-digit LED display. The system practical, simple, extending strong function.
In this paper it has designed one kind of traffic light control system based on the MCS-51 monolithic integrated circuit. The system mainly includes the hardware circuit and the software routine. On the basis of comparison,we designed a circuit according to the design requirement,and compiled the corresponding software routine.The system structure is simple, it may realize the time hypothesis by the timing system, establishe traffic light's condition by the state control system. Based on this, we uses the LED digital tube to decode the counting system, so that each channel can not only show the status of traffic lights, but also to remind pedestrians time remaining, and provide a great convenience to vehicles and pedestrians. Applying the Monolithic integrated circuit AT89C51 to accomplish the control of the entire systematic , using C language design software. The system has the strong function, the volume is small, the cost is low, has certain practical application value.

Key words: SCM Traffic light Debug
目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 選題目的 1
1.2 選題背景及意義 1
1.3 交通信號(hào)燈 1
1.4 交通燈的發(fā)展史 2
第二章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)框圖及主要思想 4
2.2.1 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)框圖 4
2.2.2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)思想 4
第三章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 總體設(shè)計(jì)及功能描述 7
3.2 單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 7
3.2.1 單片機(jī)概述 7
3.2.2 單片機(jī)發(fā)展歷史 8
3.2.3 單片機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 8
3.2.4 單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn) 9
3.2.5 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 10
3.3 單片機(jī)AT89S52簡(jiǎn)介 10
3.3.1 AT89S52功能特性描述 10
3.3.2 AT89S52功能引腳說(shuō)明 11
3.4 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) 13
3.5 信號(hào)燈控制電路 14
3.5.1 信號(hào)燈控制電路圖 15
3.5.2 信號(hào)燈控制電路的設(shè)計(jì)原理 15
3.5.3 信號(hào)燈控制端口設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.6 數(shù)碼管控制電路 17
3.6.1 數(shù)碼管控制電路圖 17
3.6.2 數(shù)碼管控制電路設(shè)計(jì)原理 18
3.6.3 數(shù)碼管的簡(jiǎn)介 18
第四章 PCB設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.1 PROTEL99SE軟件的介紹 21
4.2 交通燈原理圖 21
4.2.1 新建設(shè)計(jì)文檔 21
4.2.2 電路圖設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.3 電路板設(shè)計(jì)流程 22
4.4 印制板的繪制 22
第五章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 25
5.1 匯編語(yǔ)言與C語(yǔ)言的比較 25
5.2 Keil C51uVision 集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 25
5.3 程序設(shè)計(jì)思路 26
5.4 交通燈設(shè)計(jì)程序 27
第六章 調(diào)試 33
6.1 硬件調(diào)試 33
6.2 在硬件調(diào)試中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題 35
6.3 軟件調(diào)試 35
6.4 軟硬件聯(lián)調(diào) 35
第七章 結(jié)束語(yǔ) 37
致謝 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 41
附錄A：系統(tǒng)硬件電路圖 43
附錄B：PCB版圖 45
附錄C：系統(tǒng)實(shí)物圖 47