摘要
我國是全世界馬鈴薯種植面積最大的國家，但馬鈴薯收獲的機械化水平很低。近年來，馬鈴薯收獲機的研制與推廣有了較大發(fā)展，但大多屬于中小型條鋪式挖掘機，需人工撿拾薯塊，必要時進行手工分級，生產效率低，勞動強度仍較大，且總體機械化水平很低，嚴重制約著馬鈴薯產業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展。為此，我們研制了一種4U-1400FD型分級裝袋式馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機。該機集薯塊挖掘、土薯分離、薯秧分離、薯塊分級、裝袋于一體，可大幅度減輕人的勞動強度，減少人工耗費和商品薯的處理環(huán)節(jié)，顯著提高生產效率，降低傷薯率。
本文根據該機的功能和馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲及分級技術要求，運用三維建模軟件Pro/E建立虛擬樣機模型，主要對4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機的分級裝袋裝置和機架進行系統(tǒng)研究與設計，包括分級裝袋裝置原理方案設計，分級裝袋裝置和機架結構方案設計,對主要零部件進行受力分析和強度校核，運用ANSYS有限元分析軟件對分級鏈輪及機架進行受力分析，分析了收獲機在以3km/h～4.83km/h速度作業(yè)時機架的應力分布、最大應力及其產生部位。分析計算結果與樣機試驗結果表明，分級裝袋裝置原理與結構及機架結構設計合理；分級精度較高，工作良好；機架強度儲備足夠，工作安全可靠。用AutoCAD軟件繪制了二維零部件圖樣。
關鍵詞：馬鈴薯；聯(lián)合收獲機；分級；裝袋；機架；設計；有限元分析



















Summary
China is largest country of growing potato in the world, However, the mechanization of potato harvest is in the low level. In recent years, the development and popularization of potato harvester has made great progress, but the most harvesters belong to section, the potato picked up by men, , graded by handwork when necessary, low productivity, large labor intension, and the overall low level of mechanization, seriously hinder the further development of the potato industry. So the 4U-1400FD potato harvester with a grading device was researched. This machine can complete potato digging, potato and soil separation, potato cleaning, grading and bagging process in one time, the labor intension of human can substantially reduce, labor cost and the processing sectors of commodity potato were reduced, the production efficiency was significantly improved and the ratio of the injured potato was reduced.
According to the function of the machine and the technical requirements of potato harvester and classification, the virtual prototype model was established by using 3D modeling software Pro / E, the device of grading and bagging of 4U-1400FD potato harvester and the frame were mainly researched and designed, including the principle design of grading and bagging device, and the structure design of frame. The main components were analyzed and its intension was checked and the chain wheel and frame were analyzed with software ANSYS, the stress distribution，the maximum stress and the resulting parts were analyzed in the working speed of 3km/h to 4.83km / h. The calculation results and the prototype test results show that the design of the principle and structure of grading and bagging device and the structure of frame are reasonable; the grading accuracy is higher, work well; the strength reserves of the frame is adequate, and it can work safely and reliably. The software of AutoCAD was used to complete the component draft drawings of the machine.
Key words: potato; combine harvester; grading; bagging; frame; design; ANSYS










目錄
引言 1
第一章 緒論 2
1.1馬鈴薯收獲概況 2
1.1.1 國外馬鈴薯收獲機的發(fā)展概況 2
1.1.2 國內馬鈴薯收獲機的發(fā)展概況 3
1.2 本課題研究意義 6
1.3 本課題研究內容 6
1.4 本課題研究方法 7
1.5 技術路線 8
第二章 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機總體設計 9
2.1 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機基本結構 9
2.2 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機工作過程 9
2.3 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機基本參數確定 10
第三章 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機分級裝袋裝置設計 16
3.1 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機分級裝置設計 16
3.1.1 塊莖物料分級方法概述 16
3.1.2 馬鈴薯分級主要技術要求 17
3.1.3 輥軸鏈板式分級裝置工作原理 17
3.1.4 主要參數確定 18
3.2 主要零部件設計 18
3.2.1 主動軸結構設計 18
3.2.2 鏈及鏈輪結構設計 21
3.2.3 分級輥軸結構設計 26
3.2.4 從動軸結構設計 26
3.3 輔助裝置設計 26
3.4 裝袋裝置設計 27
第四章 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機機架有限元分析 28
4.1 機架總體結構分析的意義 28
4.2 機架有限元模型的建立 28
4.2.1 機架結構及模型建立 28
4.2.2 網格化分 29
4.3 加載并求解 29
4.3.1 約束 29
4.3.2 載荷 29
4.3.3 求解 31
4.4 有限元分析結果 31
第五章 Pro/E環(huán)境下虛擬模型的建立 32
5.1 Pro/E簡介 33
5.2 三維實體建模 34
第六章 樣機試驗及效益評價 36
6.1 樣機初步試驗 36
6.2 經濟、技術效益評價 36
6.3 推廣應用前景 38
第七章 結論和建議 39
7．1 結論 39
7．2 建議 39
致謝 41
參考文獻 42
作者簡介 47
導師簡介 48
獨創(chuàng)性聲明 49
附錄 50