三環(huán)減速器齒輪副有限元模型

摘  要

三環(huán)減速器是中國(guó)科技人員發(fā)明的一種少齒差內(nèi)嚙合行星齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置，其傳動(dòng)原理新穎，一般用于動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)，具有體積小、傳動(dòng)比大、壽命長(zhǎng)、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，還具有內(nèi)齒多齒嚙合的特點(diǎn)，有較高的承載能力、較大的過(guò)載性能。因此，這種傳動(dòng)越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用于冶金、起重運(yùn)輸、礦山、環(huán)保、建筑等領(lǐng)域。三環(huán)傳動(dòng)在足夠大的載荷作用下，實(shí)際嚙合齒數(shù)會(huì)大于理論嚙合齒數(shù)，使得三環(huán)減速器中齒輪副的承載能力大大提高。我們將齒輪嚙合過(guò)程中因多齒嚙合而導(dǎo)致齒輪副承載能力提高的現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為多齒嚙合效應(yīng)。但是目前的各減速器制造廠家在這一設(shè)計(jì)階段尚未考慮這一效應(yīng)，其產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)表中公布的減速器承載能力遠(yuǎn)低于實(shí)際承載能力，造成浪費(fèi)。因此，考慮三環(huán)傳動(dòng)中的多齒嚙合效應(yīng)對(duì)于揭示三環(huán)減速器大承載能力的本質(zhì)、提高三環(huán)減速器的承載能力、縮小設(shè)計(jì)尺寸、降低制造成本具有重要的意義。
本文以三環(huán)減速器齒輪副有限元模型為研究對(duì)象，先使用Pro/E Wildfire3.0進(jìn)行三維建模，然后利用有限單元法對(duì)三環(huán)減速器多齒嚙合效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析，得到三環(huán)減速器傳動(dòng)時(shí)的實(shí)際接觸齒數(shù)、嚙合齒載荷分配情況以及 Von Mises 應(yīng)力變化規(guī)律。
本文涉及三環(huán)減速器齒輪副的嚙合特性的分析，利用有限元軟件ABAQUS6.5計(jì)算了三環(huán)減速器一個(gè)傳動(dòng)周期內(nèi)各構(gòu)件的應(yīng)力、變形，并與理論設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，說(shuō)明了三環(huán)減速器的多齒嚙合特性。
本文所研究的內(nèi)容可以應(yīng)用于工廠的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)與制造，為內(nèi)齒板式齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置的研發(fā)和應(yīng)用打下一定的基礎(chǔ)，可以在一定程度上縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期，減少設(shè)計(jì)成本，能夠促進(jìn)我國(guó)企業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)水平和自主創(chuàng)新能力的提高，提高產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，為相關(guān)企業(yè)帶來(lái)可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。

關(guān)鍵詞：三環(huán)減速器  有限元分析  ABAQUS軟件應(yīng)用  Pro/E三維造型設(shè)計(jì)

ABSTRACT
    Three-Ring Reducer is one of inventions of Chinese scientists and engineers. It is a kind of planetary gear transmission with few tooth differences and is commonly used for power transmission. It has many advantages such as small size, large transmission ratio, long life, low production cost, multi-tooth meshing, high loading capacity, large overload performance. Therefore, It has been more and more applied in metallurgy, lifting transportation, mining, environmental protection, construction, and other fields. When there is enough load, the real mesh teeth number of Three-Ring transmission is larger than the theoretical mesh number.. It greatly improved the carrying capacity of gear pair. Multiple teeth engagement leads the carrying capacity greatly enhanced. We call the phenomenon during the engagement process multi-teeth engagement effect. But up till the present moment, every manufacturer has not take it into consideration yet during the design stage. The reducer’s carrying capacity in the product design worksheet is far below the actual load capacity. It waste a lot. So it is significant to take multi-teeth engagement effect into consideration. It can reveal the essence of the huge carrying capacity of Three-Ring Reducer. It can help enhancing the carrying capacity of the Three-Ring Reducer, shortening the design dimension and reducing the manufacture cost.
    This article set the finite element model of the Three-Ring Reducer gear pair as the object of study. The first step is modeling by using the Pro/E Wildfire 3.0, then analyses the Three-Ring Reducer multi-teeth engagement effect though finite element method. Then we can get the actual mesh tooth number during the Three-Ring Reducer transmission and the condition of load contribution of meshing tooth. We can also get the regulation of Von Mises stress changing.
This article refer to the elasticity of all the component of Three-Ring Reducer. It also concern the building of Three-Ring Reducer finite element model and realize static analysis of the Three-Ring Reducer by using the model. By using the finite element software of ABAQUS ,it calculated the stress and distortion in the cycle of transmission, it validated the correctness of finite element model.
    The content of this article can be applied to the design and manufacture of the product in the factory. It lay the foundation for the study and application of ring-plate-type gear transmission. Besides, design and analysis cycle can be shortened and design costs can be reduced in a certain extent. Chinese enterprises can greatly enhance the design level, the ability of independent innovation, and the production competitiveness. Thus, the enterprises will generate considerable economics and social benefits.
 
Key words: Three-Ring Reducer  Finite Element Analysis  ABAQUS application   Pro/E Three-dimensional design
 
目  錄

摘  要 1
ABSTRACT 2
第一章  緒  論 1
1.1 課題研究的內(nèi)容與意義 1
1.1.1課題研究的內(nèi)容 1
1.1.2課題研究的意義 1
1.2三環(huán)減速器的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 2
1.2.1國(guó)內(nèi)外三環(huán)減速器的發(fā)展歷史 2
1.2.2三環(huán)減速器的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.3三環(huán)減速器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 5
本章小結(jié) 6
第二章  三環(huán)減速器簡(jiǎn)介 7
2.1三環(huán)減速器基本結(jié)構(gòu) 7
2.2三環(huán)減速器的工作原理 9
2.3三環(huán)減速器基本參數(shù) 11
2.4三環(huán)減速器齒輪的校核 12
2.5三環(huán)減速器傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及存在的主要問(wèn)題 14
本章小結(jié) 15
第三章  Pro/E Wildfire 3.0 建模 16
3.1基于Pro/E 的實(shí)體造型技術(shù)特點(diǎn) 16
3.1.1基于特征的（Feature-Based） 16
3.1.2基于參數(shù)化的（Parametric-based） 16
3.1.3全數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)性（Full Associative） 16
3.2 Pro/E在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的缺點(diǎn) 17
3.3 三環(huán)減速器主要部件Pro/E造型 17
3.3.1軸類(lèi)零件造型 17
3.3.2齒輪零件的創(chuàng)建 19
3.3.3軸承零件的創(chuàng)建 22
3.4三環(huán)減速器主要零件的裝配 24
3.4.1偏心套部分的裝配 24
3.4.2支撐軸部分的裝配 25
3.4.3輸出軸部分的裝配 27
3.4.4三環(huán)減速器的整體裝配 29
本章小結(jié) 32
第四章  有限元單元法與ABAQUS軟件簡(jiǎn)介 33
4.1有限單元法基礎(chǔ) 33
4.1.1有限單元法 33
4.1.2有限單元法的特點(diǎn) 33
4.1.3有限單元法解的特點(diǎn) 34
4.1.4有限單元法的分析過(guò)程 34
4.1.5有限單元法發(fā)展歷史和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 35
4.2關(guān)于ABAQUS 37
4.2.1 ABAQUS軟件簡(jiǎn)介 37
4.2.2 ABAQUS接觸分析 38
本章小結(jié) 39
第五章  三環(huán)減速器齒輪副多齒嚙合特性的有限元分析 40
5.1三環(huán)減速器齒輪副實(shí)體模型的建立 40
5.2有限元網(wǎng)格的劃分 42
5.3邊界條件的確定和載荷的施加 44
5.3.1 接觸的定義 44
5.3.2 施加載荷和約束 45
5.4三環(huán)減速器齒輪副接觸應(yīng)力分析 46
5.5齒輪副Mises應(yīng)力和彎曲應(yīng)力分析 48
5.6有限元分析結(jié)果與理論計(jì)算結(jié)果的對(duì)比 49
本章小結(jié) 51
謝  辭 52
參考文獻(xiàn) 53