本文詳細(xì)介紹了多變量預(yù)測控制算法及其在環(huán)境試驗設(shè)備控制中的應(yīng)用。由于環(huán)境試驗設(shè)備的溫度和濕度控制系統(tǒng)具有較大的時間滯后，而且系統(tǒng)間存在比較嚴(yán)重的耦合現(xiàn)象，用常規(guī)的PID控制不能取得滿意的控制效果。針對這種系統(tǒng)，本文采用了多變量預(yù)測控制算法對其進(jìn)行了控制仿真。
預(yù)測控制算法是一種基于系統(tǒng)輸入輸出描述的控制算法，其三項基本原理是預(yù)測模型、滾動優(yōu)化、反饋校正。它選擇單位階躍響應(yīng)作為它的“預(yù)測模型”。這種算法除了能簡化建模過程外，還可以通過選擇合適的設(shè)計參數(shù)，獲得較好的控制效果和解耦效果。
本文先對環(huán)境試驗設(shè)備作了簡介，對控制中存在的問題進(jìn)行了說明；而后對多變量預(yù)測控制算法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的推導(dǎo)，包括多變量自衡系統(tǒng)預(yù)測制算法和多變量非自衡系統(tǒng)預(yù)測控制算法；然后給出了系統(tǒng)的建模過程及相應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)模型，在此基礎(chǔ)上采用多變量預(yù)測控制算法對環(huán)境試驗設(shè)備進(jìn)行了控制仿真，并對仿真效果進(jìn)行了比較。
仿真結(jié)果表明，對于和環(huán)境試驗設(shè)備的溫度濕度控制系統(tǒng)具有類似特性的多變量系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)用多變量預(yù)測控制算法進(jìn)行控制能夠取得比常規(guī)PID控制更加令人滿意的效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：多變量系統(tǒng)；預(yù)測控制；環(huán)境試驗設(shè)備

In this paper, multivariable predictive control algorithm and its application to the control of the environmental test device are introduced particularly. The temperature and humidity control system of the environmental test device is characterized as long time delay and severe coupling. Therefore, the routine PID control effect is unsatisfactory. In this case, the simulation of the temperature and humidity control of the environmental test device based on multivariable predictive control algorithm is made.
Predictive control algorithm is one of control algorithm based on description of system’s input-output. Its three basic principles are predictive model, rolling optimization and feedback correction. It chooses unit step response as its predictive model, so that the modeling process is simplified. In addition, good control and decoupling effects could be possessed by means of selection suitable parameters.
In this paper, the environmental test device is introduced briefly and the existing problems are showed. Then multivariable predictive control algorithm is presented particularly, including multivariable auto-balance system predictive control algorithm and multivariable auto-unbalance system predictive control algorithm. Next, system modeling process and corresponding system model are proposed. Further, the multivariable predictive control algorithm is applied to the temperature and humidity control system of the environmental test device. Finally, the simulation results are compared.
Results of the simulation show that multivariable predictive control algorithm could be used in those multivariable system like the temperature and humidity control system of the environmental test device and the control result would be more satisfactory than that of the routine PID control.

Keyword: Multivariable system； Predictive control； Environmental test device
目 錄
第一章　緒 論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 數(shù)字圖像技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 1
1.3 問題的提出 3
1.4 論文各章節(jié)的安排 4
第二章 數(shù)字圖像處理方法與研究 5
2.1 灰度直方圖 5
2.1.1 定義 5
2.1.2 直方圖的性質(zhì)和用途 5
2.2 幾何變換 8
2.2.1 空間變換 8
2.2.2 灰度級插值 8
2.2.3 幾何運(yùn)算的應(yīng)用 10
2.3 空間濾波增強(qiáng) 10
2.3.1 空間濾波原理 10
2.3.2 拉普拉斯算子 11
2.3.3 中值濾波 12
2.4 圖像分割處理 13
2.4.1 直方圖門限化的二值分割 14
2.4.2 直方圖的最佳門限分割 14
2.4.3 區(qū)域生長 16
第三章 圖像處理軟件設(shè)計 18
3.1 圖像處理軟件開發(fā)工具的選擇 18
3.1.1 BMP圖像格式的結(jié)構(gòu) 18
3.1.2 軟件開發(fā)工具的選擇 19
3.2 EAN-13碼簡介 20
3.2.1 EAN-13條碼的結(jié)構(gòu) 20
3.2.2 條碼的編碼方法 21
3.1 系統(tǒng)界面設(shè)計 22
第四章 條碼圖像測試 24
4.1 條碼圖像處理的主要方法 24
4.2 條碼圖像測試結(jié)果 25
第五章 總結(jié)與展望 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29
致 謝 30