摘 要
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 PLC（可編程控制器）作為一種工業(yè)控制微型計(jì)算機(jī)，它以其編程方便、操作簡(jiǎn)單尤其是它的高可靠性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。變頻技術(shù)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了PLC的應(yīng)用。它應(yīng)用大規(guī)模集成電路，微型機(jī)技術(shù)和通訊技術(shù)的發(fā)展成果，逐步形成了具有多種優(yōu)點(diǎn)和微型、中型、大型、超大型等各種規(guī)格的系列產(chǎn)品，應(yīng)用于從繼電器控制系統(tǒng)到監(jiān)控計(jì)算機(jī)之間的許多控制領(lǐng)域。
隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，樓房越來(lái)越高，而電梯成為了高層樓房的必須設(shè)備。電梯從手柄開(kāi)關(guān)操縱電梯、按鈕控制電梯發(fā)展到了現(xiàn)在的群控電梯，為高層運(yùn)輸做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。
PLC在電梯控制上的應(yīng)用主要體現(xiàn)在它的邏輯開(kāi)關(guān)控制功能。由于PLC具有邏輯運(yùn)算，計(jì)數(shù)和定時(shí)以及數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸出的功能，在電梯控制過(guò)程中，各種邏輯開(kāi)關(guān)控制與PLC很好的結(jié)合，很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)電梯的控制。
本文主要討論研究利用三菱公司的可編程控制器對(duì)電梯的控制，形成電梯控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、可靠性高、控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、通用性強(qiáng)、應(yīng)用靈活、功能完善、維修方便、維修量小，易于實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電一體化。設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)主要有PLC控制電梯的轎內(nèi)指令、廳外召喚指令、樓層位置指示、平層換速控制、開(kāi)關(guān)門控制等任務(wù)，各個(gè)任務(wù)的系統(tǒng)梯形圖設(shè)計(jì)以及PLC控制電梯的I/O圖設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞： 電梯；PLC；梯形圖；

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Abstract

 PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) as an industrial micro-computer, had been widely applied in the course of industrial production for its easy programming, simple operation, especially its high reliability etc. Frequency conversion technology had also promoted the development of the application of the PLC. It adopted the large scale integrated circuit, the miniature machine technology and the communication technology development achievement and other merits, gradually formed various series of products, and that had been used in the area between the relay control system and monitoring computers.
 Along with society's unceasing development, the building is more and more high, and the elevator has become the necessary a high level building. After humanity's more than centuries unremitting endeavors, the elevator already from the handle switch operation elevator, the push-button control elevator develops to the present group control elevator, has made the indelible contribution.
The application of PLC in the elevator control is mainly reflected in its logic switch control function. Since the PLC has a logic operation, counting and timing, and data input and output functions in the process of elevator control, and logic switch control and PLC combined very well, that achieve the excellent control of the elevator.
Making full use of programmable logic controller of Mitsubishi Company for elevator control, so as to form elevator control system has been discussed in this paper. The whole system has the characteristic of anti-interference, high reliability, simple structure, high universality, flexible application, perfect functions, simple to maintain, small amount of repair and easy to implement mechanical-electrical integration. This design mainly included PLC control of elevator with correct instructions, outside orders, display of the location of the floors, flat-layer-for-speed control, switching door control task and so on. The design also had the various tasks of the system’s ladder chart and PLC control elevator I/O design.
Key words: elevator; PLC; Ladder Diagram;

目錄
0 前言 1
1 電梯的發(fā)展及其基本組成 2
1.1  電梯的歷史發(fā)展 2
1.2  我國(guó)電梯的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 3
1.3  電梯的組成 4
1.4  電梯的分類 5
1.5  電梯的未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 6
2 電梯的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作方式 8
2.1  電梯的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 8
2.1.1  空間考慮 8
2.1.2  系統(tǒng)考慮 9
2.2  集選控制電梯特點(diǎn) 12
2.3  雙速電梯的基本組成與運(yùn)行原理 12
2.3.1  交流雙速電梯的主電路 12
2.3.2  電梯的主要電氣設(shè)備 13
3 電梯的控制方案的選擇 16
3.1  繼電器控制 16
3.1.1  繼電器控制電梯的特點(diǎn)及存在的問(wèn)題 16
3.1.2  電梯繼電器控制系統(tǒng)存在的問(wèn)題 16
3.2  PLC控制電梯 16
3.2.1  PLC的特點(diǎn) 16
3.2.2   PLC控制電梯的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 17
4  PLC的概述 18
4.1  PLC的產(chǎn)生 18
4.2  PLC的結(jié)構(gòu) 18
4.2.1  PLC硬件的結(jié)構(gòu) 18
4.3  PLC的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 19
4.4  三菱FX系列PLC 20
4.4.1  各編程元件的選擇 20
5  電梯的PLC控制 29
5.1  PLC控制電梯的電氣元件表 29
5.2  電梯控制的原理框圖 30
5.3  I/O電路的設(shè)計(jì) 30
5.3.1  門機(jī)電路、抱閘電路、門鎖及安全運(yùn)行電路 30
5.4  梯形圖的設(shè)計(jì) 33
5.4.1  開(kāi)門環(huán)節(jié) 33
5.4.2  電梯的關(guān)門環(huán)節(jié) 34
5.4.3  開(kāi)關(guān)門保護(hù)及故障顯示電路 35
5.4.4  層樓信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生與清除環(huán)節(jié) 36
5.4.5  內(nèi)選信號(hào)的登記、消除和顯示環(huán)節(jié) 38
5.4.6  外呼信號(hào)的登記、消除和顯示環(huán)節(jié) 38
5.4.7  電梯的定向環(huán)節(jié) 40
5.4.8  停層信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生和清除環(huán)節(jié) 42
5.4.9  停車制動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié) 43
5.4.10  自動(dòng)運(yùn)行時(shí)啟動(dòng)加速和穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行環(huán)節(jié) 44
6  系統(tǒng)干擾來(lái)源及處理方法 45
6.1  PLC系統(tǒng)中干擾的途徑及主要來(lái)源 45
6.1.1  途徑 45
6.1.2  主要來(lái)源 45
6.2  PLC系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的抗干擾措施 46
6.2.1  硬件措施 46
6.2.2  軟件措施 47
7  技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 48
7.1 技術(shù)分析 48
7.2 經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 48
8  結(jié)論 49
致謝 50
參考文獻(xiàn) 51
附錄A    譯文 52
附錄B    外文原文 62