300噸氯代十六烷的合成

摘要
陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑具有殺菌消毒和很強(qiáng)的吸附特性 ,被廣泛應(yīng)用于日用化工、工業(yè)洗滌劑、制藥等行業(yè) , 在人類生產(chǎn)生活中的應(yīng)用廣泛，氯代十六烷是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)較為重要的有機(jī)合成中間體和表面活性劑。同時(shí)也是合成其它優(yōu)質(zhì)的表面活性劑的中間產(chǎn)物。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中也相當(dāng)?shù)钠毡?。特別是作為長(zhǎng)鏈烷烴類的衍生物氯代十六烷基吡啶（CPC）是較為不錯(cuò)的陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑。也是科研中表面活性劑的首選。特別是用來(lái)合成陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑。但進(jìn)入水體的陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑會(huì)消耗水中的溶解氧 ,危害水體的生態(tài)環(huán)境而且抑制其它有毒物質(zhì)的降解 ,導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的 水質(zhì)污染，,給環(huán)境帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。
關(guān)鍵詞 ： 表面活性劑；氯代十六烷；

Abstract
Cationic surfactant has strong sterilization and adsorption characteristic,which are widely used in daily chemical industry, industrial detergent, pharmaceutical and other industries. Besides,it was widely used in humans life .Chlorinated hexadecane is an important organic intermediates and surfactant in industrial production .what is more ,it is the intermediate material of synthesising other surfactants which are of high quality .it is commonly used in industrial production.Especially chlorinated cetyl pyridine (CPC) which is regarded as the derivatives of the long chain alkyl hydrocarbon ,and it is usually the first choice of scientific research in surfactant especially for Synthesising of cationic surfactant. But when it enter into the water body of cationic surfactant ,it will consumpte the oxygen in the water. That bring serious negative impact to the environment ,such as damaging the ecological environment of the water,restraining the degradation of other toxic substances and leading to serious water pollution
Key word ：cationic surfactant  chlorinated  hexadecane derivatives

目錄
畢業(yè)論文聲明 I
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
1 氯代十六烷的簡(jiǎn)介 1
2 合成工藝與流程 2
2.1合成方法的選擇 2
2.2 合成路線的設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.3 生產(chǎn)工藝流程簡(jiǎn)圖： 5
3 物料衡算 7
3.1 反應(yīng)段 7
3.2 萃取段 9
3.3 精餾段 11
4 能量衡算： 13
5 塔板數(shù)的計(jì)算 15
6 換熱器的設(shè)計(jì) 17
7 反應(yīng)釜的選擇 19
8 要設(shè)備及工藝流程圖 21
參考文獻(xiàn) 22
致  謝 23