摘 要
船舶下水方式有很多種，從下水設(shè)施上可分為船臺下水、船塢下水和浮箱下水三種。
浮箱承載下水船舶時,下水船對浮箱的作用力通過支墩傳遞，下水船、支墩、浮箱以及海水組成一個相互約束的系統(tǒng)，如果某一支墩受力過大，很容易產(chǎn)生該區(qū)域變形過大，危及浮箱結(jié)構(gòu)的安全，浮箱載船下水是否安全必須通過一系列計算才能得知。
支墩力計算是整個浮箱載船系統(tǒng)計算的一個關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，傳統(tǒng)墩反力的計算方法很多，但多少存在一些不足之處。難以保證計算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。
通過對整個浮箱載船系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面分析，考慮到下水船的不確定性以及支墩布置方案的不確定性等因素的影響，將整個系統(tǒng)簡化成為一維理論計算模型，將下水船用一維變截面梁模擬，支墩用單向壓縮彈簧模擬，浮箱用一維等截面梁模擬，基于矩陣位移法，以船舶設(shè)計軟件NAPA為平臺，并采用NAPA BASIC語言編寫相應(yīng)模塊開發(fā)一套完整的支墩力和浮態(tài)參數(shù)化計算程序，實現(xiàn)支墩力和浮態(tài)計算的參數(shù)化計算。主要包括：1）已知條件輸入模塊；2）單元固端剪力、彎矩計算模塊；3）整體剛度矩陣形成模塊；4）彈性支座處理模塊；5）高斯消元法求解模塊；6）下水船、浮箱撓度計算模塊；7) 支墩力計算模塊；8) 浮態(tài)、穩(wěn)性計算模塊；9）輸出模塊，這幾個模塊組成，然后建立考慮撓度的浮箱參數(shù)化幾何模型，加載支墩力，利用NAPA里面的功能模塊進(jìn)行浮箱靜水力計算，快速生成剪力、彎矩曲線等。
同時，還以某散貨船作為驗證實例，同時查閱中華人民共和國法定規(guī)范，將計算結(jié)果中的主要數(shù)據(jù)與規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行對比，校核是否滿足要求，從而快速、較準(zhǔn)確的檢驗整個浮箱載船系統(tǒng)是否安全、可靠，建立一套完整的浮箱載船安全評估系統(tǒng)。



關(guān)鍵詞： NAPA； 矩陣位移法； 參數(shù)化； 支墩力； 浮箱





Abstract
There are many ship launching methods, it can be divided into three types: berth launching, dock launching and pontoon launching according to launching facility,.
The force of pontoon from launching ship is transmitted by blocks. launching ship, blocks, pontoon and sea water consist of a mutual constraint system.if the reaction force of one block is too great, it’s easy the deformation of this region is beyond limits, the safety of pontoon structure is in risk, whether the process of pontoon during ship launching is safe must through a series of calculation could we known.
The calculation of blocks’ reaction force is a key link in the pontoon system calculation. There are a great many traditional calculation methods, but more or less exist
there lilitations, difficult to guarantee accuracy.
Through comprehensively analyze the entire pontoon system, consider the effects of all factors such as the launching ship is uncertain, the block's layout scheme is uncertain, etc..Simplify the whole system as one-dimension theoretical computational model, simulate launching ship as non-uniform beam,blocks as uniaxial compression spring and pontoon as uniform beam, use ship design software NAPA as platform, exploit a set of integral block's reaction force and floating condition parametric calculating program with NAPA BASIC language, achieve parametric calculation of block's reaction force and floating condition. Mainly consist of: 1) element fixed-end shearing force and bending moment calculation module; 2) known conditions input module; 3) assembled stiffness matrix formation module; 4) Elastic support disposal module; 5) Gaussian elimination method solution module; 6) deflection calculation module of launching ship and pontoon; 7) blocks’reaction force calculation module; 8) floating condition and stability calculation module; 9) output module. Then establish pontoon parametric geometric model considering deflection, load the reaction force, make full use of the inner functional module to conduct pontoon hydrostatics calculation, to form shearing force and bending moment curve quickly etc..
At the same time, use one bulk carrier as case verification, then refer to the mandatory rule of the people's Republic of China, compare the main date in the calculating result with standard requirement, check whether meet requirement, there by test whether the entire pontoon system is safe and reliable, establish a set of integral safety assessment system of pontoon during ship launching.

KEY WORDS: NAPA; matrix displacement method; parametric;
Blocks’ reaction force; Pontoon







目 錄
摘 要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 選題的理論意義和實用價值 2
1.2 本課題國內(nèi)、外研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢 2
1.2.1 船舶安全性及評估系統(tǒng)的研究 2
1.2.2 船體梁總縱強(qiáng)度研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.3 國內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論研究現(xiàn)狀 4
1.2.4 梁撓度求解方法研究現(xiàn)狀 5
1.3 研究內(nèi)容與研究方法及創(chuàng)新點 6
1.3.1 研究內(nèi)容 6
1.3.2 研究方法 7
1.3.3 創(chuàng)新點 7
1.4 本章小結(jié) 7
第二章 矩陣位移法 7
2.1 桿件與荷載的分類 8
2.2 坐標(biāo)系桿端力與桿端位移的確定 9
2.3 單元剛度矩陣 10
2.3.1 梁單元剛度矩陣推導(dǎo) 10
2.3.2 單元剛度矩陣的性質(zhì) 13
2.4 整體剛度矩陣 13
2.4.1 整體剛度矩陣的形成 13
2.4.2 整體剛度矩陣的性質(zhì) 13
2.5 本章小結(jié) 14
第三章 浮箱載船系統(tǒng)理論分析 15
3.1 浮箱載船下水工藝流程 15
3.2 建立理論計算模型 15
3.3 系統(tǒng)理論計算分析 16
3.3.1 彈性接觸..