摘 要
隨著海洋資源需求的增長，用于海底石油、海洋環(huán)境、海洋生物以及海底地貌調(diào)查的各種測量船近年來受到關(guān)注。由于測量船大多需要借助于水聲設(shè)備對海洋資源進(jìn)行探測，其自身的振動噪聲需要嚴(yán)格控制，從而對船舶的減振降噪提出了較高的設(shè)計(jì)要求。對于高性能的測量船，需要在設(shè)計(jì)階段，就能對未來的船體振動以及輻射噪聲進(jìn)行預(yù)報(bào)，以便改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)，評估并且確定船舶減振降噪的設(shè)計(jì)方案。
本文以某測量船為背景，借助于有限元技術(shù)對其振動特性進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)合聲學(xué)邊界元技術(shù)進(jìn)行低頻水聲預(yù)報(bào)，并根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析思想，對中高頻段的水下輻射特性進(jìn)行研究及預(yù)報(bào)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，研究控制船舶結(jié)構(gòu)振動和降低水下噪聲的途徑，并根據(jù)工程實(shí)際需要對MSC.PATRAN進(jìn)行振動響應(yīng)分析的二次開發(fā)。
本文主要包括以下幾方面的內(nèi)容：第一，利用有限元軟件，建立了測量船的整船有限元模型，基于模態(tài)分析得到船體的固有特性，進(jìn)而研究了船體在主機(jī)激勵(lì)下的振動特性，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行船舶減振技術(shù)及方案研究；第二，采用有限元和邊界元相結(jié)合的方法，建立了船殼水下結(jié)構(gòu)的流-固耦合模型，研究低頻段水下殼體振動的動力學(xué)特性以及水下聲輻射特性，并進(jìn)行測量船的水下噪聲控制研究；第三，利用統(tǒng)計(jì)能量法建立測量船的統(tǒng)計(jì)能量模型，對中高頻段船體結(jié)構(gòu)的水下聲輻射進(jìn)行預(yù)報(bào)；第四，基于PCL的振動噪聲預(yù)報(bào)軟件開發(fā)，對主機(jī)加載、頻響分析及低頻段的水下噪聲預(yù)報(bào)進(jìn)行二次開發(fā)技術(shù)研究。

關(guān)鍵詞：船體振動；水下聲輻射；有限元；邊界元；PCL



Abstract
With the growth in demand for marine resources which used for offshore oil, marine environment, marine life and seabed topography measurement, various survey ships are paied so much attention recent years. The vibration and noise of the survey ship need strict control because it need the help of acoustic equipment to detect marine resources, as a result, higher standards for the vibration and noise reduction of ship design are proposed. For high-performance survey ship, in the design stage, the prediction for vibration and noise are needed in order to improve the ship structure, make assessment and decisions on the ship vibration and noise reduction design.
A survey ship was taken as the research object. The harmonic response analyses of its main acoustic and vibration source had been taken out by means of the FEM software. Underwater acoustic forecast in low frequency band was carried out combined with acoustic BEM software. The research and prediction of underwater acoustic radiation characteristics in mid and high frequency band were conducted by using SEA. On this basis, the methods to control ship structure vibration and reduce underwater acoustic were researched, and in accordance with engineering requirements, the software secondary development has been made on the harmonic response analyses.
This article includes the following aspects: First, a survey ship finite element model was established with the finite element software, the inherent characteristics of the hull was got based on modal analysis, then the harmonic response analyses of its main vibration source had been taken out by means of the FEM . Second, study on the dynamics vibration and underwater sound radiation characteristics on the flow-structure interaction model of the underwater shell structure with FEM combined with BEM, and research on the methods to reduce underwater acoustic. Third, research and prediction of underwater acoustic radiation characteristics in mid and high frequency band were conducted by using statistical energy analysis on the statistical energy model of the survey ship. Fourth, based on the PCL, the software secondary development has been made on the harmonic response analyses of its main load and underwater radiated noise forecast at low frequency.

Key word: hull vibration; underwater acoustic radiation; FEM; BEM; PCL
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究目的和意義 1
1.2國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展綜述 2
1.2.1 船舶振動控制技術(shù) 2
1.2.2 船舶噪聲預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù) 3
1.3 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法 6
第2章 船舶結(jié)構(gòu)振動聲輻射理論和方法 8
2.1 船舶結(jié)構(gòu)振動理論和有限元分析技術(shù) 8
2.2 水下聲輻射理論和邊界元分析技術(shù) 13
2.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析理論和方法 17
第3章 測量船結(jié)構(gòu)的振動特性研究 20
3.1 船體結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元建模和模態(tài)分析 20
3.1.1 船體結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元建模 20
3.1.2 船體的振動模態(tài)分析 21
3.2 船體結(jié)構(gòu)的振動響應(yīng)分析 23
3.2.1主機(jī)艙振動響應(yīng)分析 24
3.2.2 船體振動響應(yīng)分析 27
3.3 船體結(jié)構(gòu)的減振研究 38
3.4 本章小結(jié) 41
第4章 測量船的水下聲輻射特性研究 42
4.1邊界元法對船體結(jié)構(gòu)的聲輻射分析 42
4.1.1 船體流固耦合體的邊界元建模 42
4.1.2 船體結(jié)構(gòu)水下聲輻射分析 43
4.2 測量船低頻段的水下噪聲控制研究 47
4.3 測量船的中高頻段的輻射噪聲預(yù)報(bào) 48
4.3.1 利用統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析方法的船體結(jié)構(gòu)建模 48
4.3.2 統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析噪聲預(yù)報(bào) 49
4.4本章小結(jié) 50
第5章 基于PCL和DMAP的振動噪聲預(yù)報(bào)軟件開發(fā) 51
5.1 船舶振動噪聲預(yù)報(bào)軟件開發(fā)的意義 51
5.2 PCL語言和DMAP語言的功能及特點(diǎn) 51
5.3 二次開發(fā)的原理及程序設(shè)計(jì) 53
5.3.1 用戶程序的編譯與連接 53
5.3.2 用戶界面（窗口、菜單等）的形成 54
5.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)交換 55
5.3.4 子函數(shù)和子程序的編寫 55
5.4測量船振動噪聲預(yù)報(bào)軟件二次開發(fā)的實(shí)現(xiàn) 55
結(jié) 論 64
參考文獻(xiàn) 67