摘 要
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展和人們生活水平的不斷提高，不間斷電源（UPS）在日常生活中應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛，各行各業(yè)對(duì)UPS的性能要求也越來(lái)越高。近年來(lái)，微處理器性能的不斷提高及其外圍電子器件的不斷發(fā)展，使得UPS的數(shù)字控制技術(shù)逐漸完善，并將逐步取代模擬控制實(shí)現(xiàn)UPS的控制功能。目前UPS的數(shù)字控制技術(shù)常采用MCU和DSP作為控制核心，由于電子半導(dǎo)體器件不斷地向高頻、高效及智能化方向發(fā)展，這種控制方法往往不能完全滿(mǎn)足UPS的性能要求。
近幾年，大規(guī)模集成電路的迅速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列(FPGA)集成度更高、速度更快和價(jià)位更低，在信號(hào)與信息處理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。與DSP、單片機(jī)相比，F(xiàn)PGA器件具有更高的處理速度和可靠性，并且可編程邏輯器件有設(shè)計(jì)靈活、集成度高、設(shè)計(jì)周期短等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此本文將其應(yīng)用于UPS控制系統(tǒng)中以滿(mǎn)足高性能的應(yīng)用需求。
本文首先簡(jiǎn)要介紹了在線(xiàn)式UPS的整體設(shè)計(jì)方案及FPGA的結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)越性及其開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程，其次論述了模糊PID控制和SPWM的基本原理以及它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。針對(duì)數(shù)字PID動(dòng)態(tài)性能差、控制靈活度低等缺點(diǎn)，本文引入模糊PID控制，這種控制算法結(jié)合了模糊控制調(diào)節(jié)速度快和PID控制穩(wěn)態(tài)性能好的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，將其應(yīng)用到UPS控制系統(tǒng)中，提高逆變器的性能。在設(shè)計(jì)中，本文運(yùn)用MATLAB對(duì)所涉及到的算法進(jìn)行分析，并通過(guò)Matlab/Simulink工具箱對(duì)在線(xiàn)式UPS整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)仿真。在本文的工作中，采用DSP Builder對(duì)正弦信號(hào)發(fā)生器、SPWM控制器和模糊PID控制器等進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，并轉(zhuǎn)換生成VHDL語(yǔ)言，然后在Quartus II開(kāi)發(fā)軟件中編譯仿真下載驗(yàn)證。通過(guò)具體的仿真分析及實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，證實(shí)了模糊PID控制應(yīng)用的可行性以及FPGA控制器應(yīng)用于在線(xiàn)式UPS控制系統(tǒng)中的優(yōu)越性，同時(shí)也驗(yàn)證了本方案設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。

關(guān)鍵詞 不間斷電源；逆變器；模糊PID控制；FPGA




Abstract
With modern science rapid development and people living standard rise ceaselessly, the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is applied widely in daily life, the performance requirements of UPS are higher and higher in the meantime. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of microprocessor performance and the continuous development of peripheral electronic devices, the UPS digital control technology has been further improved, and gradually replace the analog control to achieve UPS control functions. At present the digital control technology of UPS often adopted MCU and DSP as control core, Since electronic semiconductor devices are developing in the direction of high frequency, high efficiency and intelligent continuously,this control method often cannot meet the performance requirements of UPS completely.
In recent years, the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuits makes Field-programmable logic devices (FPGA) integration higher, speed faster and price lower. And FPGA is used in signal and information processing fields more widely. Compared with DSP and single-chip microcomputer, FPGA and complex programable logic device (CPLD) have higher processing speed and reliability. FPGA has the advantages of flexible design, high integration, high speed, and short design cycle, so in this thesis, FPGA was used in UPS control system to meet the application requirements with high performance.
Firstly, this thesis introduced the overall design scheme of UPS, and the structure, advantages and development process of FPGA. Secondly, it discussed the fuzzy proportion integration differentiation (PID) control, the basic principle of SPWM and the realization method. Because digital PID has the disadvantages of poor dynamic performance and it is not quite well in the control flexibility, this thesis selected the Fuzzy-PID control. This control algorithm combines the advantages of high fuzzy control regulation speed and good PID control steady performance. Its application in UPS control system improved the inverter performance. In the design, it used MATLAB tools to analyze the algorithm involved in the thesis. And it used the MATLAB/Simulink toolbox to design simulation of the whole system of UPS. In addition, this thesis used DSP Builder to design the sine signal generator, SPWM controller and Fuzzy PID controller, and it generated VHDL language. And then it used Quartus II to compile, simulation and download validation. Through the simulation analysis and experimental verification, it confirmed the application feasibility of Fuzzy-PID control and the superiority of the FPGA controller application in UPS control system. What’s more, it also validated the correctness of the design in this thesis.

Keywords UPS; Inverter; Fuzzy-PID control; FPGA



目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 UPS概述 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展方向 2
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài) 2
1.2.2 發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 3
1.3 課題研究的目的和意義 3
1.4 課題研究的內(nèi)容與方法 5
第2章 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案及相關(guān)原理 6
2.1 在線(xiàn)式UPS總體設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1.1 在線(xiàn)式UPS 結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.1.2 在線(xiàn)式UPS的工作原理 7
2.2 控制方法的選擇 8
2.2.1 相關(guān)控制方法 8
2.2.2 FPGA簡(jiǎn)介 9
2.3 SPWM技術(shù) 15
2.3.1 SPWM基本原理 15
2.3.2 SPWM調(diào)制方式 16
2.4 控制策略 18
2.4.1 UPS各種數(shù)字化控制策略綜述 18
2.4.2 PID控制 20
2.4.3 模糊控制 22
2.4.4 Fuzzy-PID控制 25
2.5 本章小結(jié) 28
第3章 UPS系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 29
3.1 主電路 29
3.1.1 整流..