摘 要
伴隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)從傳統(tǒng)電路、微機(jī)模式發(fā)展為嵌入式系統(tǒng)模式，嵌入式系統(tǒng)在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)采集中起到不可替代的重要作用。
本文所設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用背景是船舶，船舶機(jī)艙內(nèi)需要采集的信號(hào)主要來(lái)自于轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)、燃油系統(tǒng)、滑油系統(tǒng)、渦輪增壓器系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)，和排氣系統(tǒng)這6個(gè)系統(tǒng)，所有的信號(hào)可以歸結(jié)分為電壓電流信號(hào)、熱電阻信號(hào)、熱電偶信號(hào)，頻率信號(hào)和開關(guān)量信號(hào)。
在進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)之前，先對(duì)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中所涉及的理論進(jìn)行了研究，其中包括了模擬濾波和數(shù)字濾波以及信號(hào)的非線性校正。基于船舶應(yīng)用背景，整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)即為1塊主控板的設(shè)計(jì)和5張子采集卡的設(shè)計(jì)。主控板采用以LPC2290為核心的MiniARM系列工控板，其集成度高、接口功能齊全，并且運(yùn)算處理速度快，因此能滿足數(shù)據(jù)處理實(shí)時(shí)性的要求，并且二次開發(fā)比較方便。子采集卡以LPC2109為核心，然后根據(jù)需求選擇外圍器件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)功能模塊。最后，經(jīng)過(guò)制板焊接和整體硬件調(diào)試來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)硬件平臺(tái)的搭建。
該系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)包括在設(shè)計(jì)好的硬件平臺(tái)上移植μC/OS-II操作系統(tǒng)，然后對(duì)接口電路的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序進(jìn)行模塊化設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)采用CAN總線作為系統(tǒng)通信的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，因此在軟件開發(fā)時(shí)對(duì)CAN通信的初始化程序，發(fā)送程序、接收程序進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。同時(shí)，考慮到采集系統(tǒng)的通用性，又對(duì)系統(tǒng)二次開發(fā)的接口進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。最后，根據(jù)所要實(shí)現(xiàn)的性能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，考慮到為了獲得可信度較高的采集數(shù)據(jù)，所以加入了數(shù)字濾波，選擇了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)自適應(yīng)濾波算法，并對(duì)其程序進(jìn)行了編寫。
在系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試和實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中，系統(tǒng)基本能實(shí)現(xiàn)各部分的基本功能，但也存在一些不足之處，本文最后總結(jié)了這些不足，并對(duì)系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)一步研究提出了一些展望。
關(guān)鍵詞 嵌入式；數(shù)據(jù)采集；ARM；μC/OS-II操作系統(tǒng)；數(shù)字濾波；









Abstract
With high-speed development of computer and network technology, data acquisition systems are mostly based on embedded systems model instead of the traditional circuits and computer models, embedded systems have played an irreplaceable role in modern industrial data acquisition systems.
This data acquisition system is designed for the application background of ship, the signals to be collected of ship cabin are mainly from the speed system, fuel system, oil system, turbocharger system, cooling system and exhaust system, all signals can be summed up into voltage and current signals, RTD signals, thermocouple signals, frequency signals and switch signals.
Before designing the system, the theory involved in the system has been studied, which includes analog filtering, digital filtering and signal non-linear calibration. Based on the above application backgrounds, the entire hardware design of the data acquisition system contains a main acquisition board design and five sub acquisition card design. Main control board adopts MiniARM series industrial plate that uses LPC2290 as its core. It has a high integration, functional interfaces, and fast processing speed, so it can meet the requirements of real-time data processing, and its secondary developments are more convenient. Sub acquisition cards all use LPC2109 as the core, and then choose peripherals to design functional modules according to demand. Finally, through printing and welding board and overall hardware debugging to build hardware platform.
The software design of the system involves three parts, such as porting μC/OS-II operating system in the designed hardware platform, then making modular design for the driver of the interface circuits. System uses the CAN bus as a communication field bus system, therefore, in software development, we need to design CAN communication initialization procedure, the sending program and the receiving program. At the same time, taking the acquisition system's versatility into account, then, design the secondary development of the system interface. Final, develop the appropriate application procedure according to the performance indicators to achieve. In this process, considering that in order to obtain higher credibility collection data, so we choose to add a digital filter and adopt neural network adaptive filter, then program it.
Through the process of debugging the system and experiment, the system can achieve the basic functions of each part, but there are also some shortcomings, this article concludes with these, and makes a number of prospects for the further study of the system.
Key Words embedded; Data acquisition; ARM; μC/OS-II operating system; digital filtering

目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究背景及意義 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)概述 1
1.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 本文主要研究工作及各章內(nèi)容 3
1.4 本章小結(jié) 4
第2章 嵌入式系統(tǒng)與ARM處理器簡(jiǎn)介 5
2.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)概述 5
2.1.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的定義 5
2.1.2 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的組成 6
2.1.3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展 8
2.2 ARM處理器的介紹 9
2.2.1 ARM的背景 9
2.2.2 ARM的體系結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.2.3 ARM的應(yīng)用 10
2.3 本章小結(jié) 11
第3章 系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì) 12
3.1 系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu) 12
3.2 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)流程 13
3.3 系統(tǒng)的軟硬件選擇 14
3.3.1 系統(tǒng)的硬件選型 14
3.3.2 系統(tǒng)的軟件選型 15
3.4 本章小結(jié) 15
第4章 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)理論 16-..