基于單片機的指紋識別控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計

作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計，設(shè)計周期一年，是本人大學(xué)四年學(xué)習(xí)的總結(jié)。集硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計于一體，極具參考使用價值，有仿真，通過老師批改，準(zhǔn)確無誤。

摘  要

科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展在讓社會進(jìn)步的同時，也讓傳統(tǒng)的安全管理系統(tǒng)受到威脅。生物識別技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)給身份識別的研究帶來了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。每個人都有著自己特有的特征，用本身的特征來驗證身份有著得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢。本文概述了自動指紋識別系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀和指紋識別系統(tǒng)的算法流程，以及在此基礎(chǔ)上的指紋圖像的分割算法和指紋圖像細(xì)化算法，并完成基于單片機的指紋識別系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計。
應(yīng)用TFS-M51指紋識別模塊，設(shè)計基于單片機的指紋識別硬件電路，形成一個獨立的指紋識別系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)單片機和指紋模塊之間的串口通信。通過操作獨立式鍵盤按鍵，向指紋模塊的DSP芯片發(fā)送相應(yīng)指令，從而執(zhí)行添加用戶、刪除指定用戶、刪除全部用戶、認(rèn)證用戶，以及管理用戶權(quán)限等功能。

關(guān)鍵詞：生物識別技術(shù)；指紋識別；TFS-M51；單片機
 
ABSTRACT

The development of science and technology which makes the social go forward, also let the traditional safety management system under threaten at the same time. The emergence of biometric technologies brought a rapid development for the research of the identification. For everyone has their own special features, with the characteristics of itself to verified identity has a unique advantage. Automatic fingerprint identification technology has been widely used in public security, such as the customs, the bank, the network security and other places which need identification. This article provides an overview of the research of fingerprint identification system in present situation and the algorithm flow of it. On this basis, to do an analysis of the fingerprint image segmentation algorithm and the fingerprint image thinning algorithm, including the microcontroller-based fingerprint identification system hardware circuit design.
With the application of TFS-M51 fingerprint module, design a hardware circuit system of fingerprint identification based on the MCU, in order to form an independent fingerprint identification system. The means of communication between MCU and fingerprint module in the system is based on serial communication. MCU sends a corresponding instruction to the fingerprint DSP chip module through stand-alone keyboard keys, in order to execute the functions, such as Add User, Delete the Specified User, Delete All Users, Authenticated Users, and Manage User Permissions and so on.

Key words:  Biometric technology; Fingerprint identification; TFS-M51; Single chip microcomputer(SCM)

 
目  錄

1. 緒論 1
1.1. 研究的背景及意義 1
1.2. 指紋識別技術(shù) 1
1.2.1. 指紋識別技術(shù)特點 1
1.2.2. 指紋識別技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3. 系統(tǒng)概述 3
2. 指紋識別原理 4
2.1. 指紋圖像的分割 4
2.1.1. 指紋圖像分割概述 4
2.1.2. 均值方差法 4
2.2. 指紋圖像的細(xì)化 6
2.2.1. 指紋圖像細(xì)化的預(yù)處理 6
2.3. 指紋圖像的特征提取 8
2.3.1. 指紋特征提取概述 8
2.3.2. 指紋特征提取和去偽特征 8
2.4. 指紋圖像的匹配 9
3. 硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 10
3.1. 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 10
3.1.1. 系統(tǒng)功能簡述 10
3.1.2. 系統(tǒng)電路設(shè)計 10
3.2. 系統(tǒng)核心部件單片機 11
3.3. 其他模塊電路 14
3.3.1. 電源模塊 14
3.3.2. 時鐘模塊 14
3.3.3. 按鍵模塊 15
3.3.4. 顯示模塊 15
3.3.5. 復(fù)位模塊 16
3.3.6. 下載口模塊 16
3.4. 指紋模塊 17
3.4.1. TFS-M51指紋識別模塊 17
3.4.2. TMS320VC5501 芯片 18
4. 軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 21
4.1. TFS-M51指紋識別模塊指令系統(tǒng) 21
4.1.1. 通信方式 21
4.1.2. 主要通訊協(xié)議命令說明 22
4.2. 單片機的程序設(shè)計 25
4.2.1. 鍵盤管理及指示燈響應(yīng)程序設(shè)計 25
4.2.2. LED顯示模塊設(shè)計 28
4.2.3. 通信模塊程序設(shè)計 29
5. 調(diào)試 31
5.1. 單片機的程序下載 31
5.2. 串口調(diào)試 31
6. 總結(jié)和展望 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
致 謝 37
附 錄 38
附錄A  單片機最小系統(tǒng)電路圖 38
附錄B  PCB圖 39
附錄C  元器件布局圖 40
附錄D  單片機最小系統(tǒng)實物圖 41
附錄E  單片機最小系統(tǒng)元器件清單 42
附錄F  程序清單 43