摘　　要
面對日趨嚴(yán)重的資源短缺與環(huán)境惡化問題，尋求社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)與資源、環(huán)境相互促進(jìn)與協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式正在成為世界性的潮流。汽車作為主要交通工具和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了快速的發(fā)展。但是，與此同時汽車也帶來了能源消耗、環(huán)境污染等諸多負(fù)面影響。目前，汽車節(jié)能與環(huán)保技術(shù)主要有兩條路線：一是對傳統(tǒng)汽車進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，已達(dá)到節(jié)能和環(huán)保的要求；二是新型動力與節(jié)能環(huán)保車輛的開發(fā)。而對傳統(tǒng)車輛的改進(jìn)就離不開怠速控制系統(tǒng)。
怠速控制是汽車發(fā)動機(jī)電子控制的一個重要內(nèi)容。對怠速進(jìn)行有效地控制對于提高汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，乘坐舒適性和節(jié)能減排有十分重大的意義。
在認(rèn)真詳細(xì)的分析了汽車怠速控制系統(tǒng)的基本原理，明確了輸入輸出信號以后，根據(jù)相應(yīng)的情況，提出了一種閉環(huán)控制怠速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，由車速傳感器信號、節(jié)氣門位置傳感器信號作為怠速工況判斷的基準(zhǔn)，采用PID控制算法控制汽車在怠速出現(xiàn)偏差時將車速穩(wěn)定，用閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)能相對準(zhǔn)確的控制汽車怠速穩(wěn)定。經(jīng)過理論的論證與計(jì)算以后，本文又選取了當(dāng)今汽車行業(yè)所使用的傳感器及其他相關(guān)器件，組成了使用的硬件電路模塊，根據(jù)功能的要求繪制了各模塊完整的流程圖和相關(guān)程序，做出了比較完整的設(shè)計(jì)。并在隨后進(jìn)行了模擬仿真，得出了相應(yīng)的仿真的結(jié)果，基本達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求，所采用的控制策略是可行的，能較好的完成設(shè)計(jì)的目的和要求。

Abstract
Facing the serious shortage of resources and the environment worsening problem, seek for the social, economic and resources, environment to promote each other and the coordinated development of sustainable development model is becoming the world trend. Cars as the main transportation and national economic construction of the important pillar industry obtained fast development. But at the same time the car also brought the energy consumption and environmental pollution, and many other negative effects. At present, the car energy conservation and environmental protection technology there are two major route: one is to improve the traditional, has reached the requirements of saving energy and environment protection; 2 it is new motive power and energy conservation and environmental protection vehicle development. And to the improvement of the traditional vehicle cannot leave the idle speed control system.
Idle speed control type car engine electronic control of important content. To idle speed control effectively to improve fuel economy of the car, ride comfort and energy conservation and emission reduction have is of great significance.
In a detailed analysis of the car was seriously idle speed control system of basic principle, clear the input and output signals later, according to the corresponding situation, proposed a closed loop control deactivation system, the design of speed sensor signal by, throttle position sensor signal as idling process of judgment benchmark, PID control algorithm in idle speed control car deviation will speed stability, using closed loop system can relatively accurate control of the car idling stability. And in subsequent simulation, derives the corresponding simulation results, basic meets design requirements, the control strategy is feasible, can good completion of design purpose and requirements.
 

目　　錄

摘　　要 1
Abstract 2
引　　言 1
1 緒論 2
1.1 發(fā)動機(jī)怠速概述 2
1.2 研究怠速控制的意義 2
1.3 發(fā)動機(jī)怠速控制的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢 3
1.3.1 汽車電子控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用 3
1.3.2 怠速控制實(shí)際生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用情況 4
1.4 汽車怠速控制系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 5
1.5 汽車怠速控制系統(tǒng)的分類 5
1.6 怠速控制的基本要求 7
1.7 本文的主要工作 8
2 汽車怠速控制系統(tǒng)的組成及工作原理 9
2.1 怠速控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理 9
2.2 汽車怠速系統(tǒng)控制方式選擇 10
3 怠速控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.1 單片機(jī)的選型 14
3.2 怠速控制系統(tǒng)的外圍電路 16
3.3 怠速控制系統(tǒng)的傳感器 18
3.3.1 車速傳感器和轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 18
3.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 20
3.3.3 節(jié)氣門位置傳感器 21
3.3.4 冷卻水溫度傳感器 22
3.3.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 23
3.4 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)部分 26
3.4.1 驅(qū)動電路 26
3.5 怠速過程中產(chǎn)生的干擾及處理方法 28
4 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 30
4.1 總體部分設(shè)計(jì) 30
4.2 車速檢測模塊 31
4.3 節(jié)氣門開度檢測模塊 32
4.4 冷卻水溫度信號模塊 35
4.5 發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速信號模塊 35
4.6 PWM模塊 35
4.7 PID控制模塊 39
結(jié)　　論 42
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 43
附錄A  45
致　　謝 46