超越性別
——從《奧蘭多》看伍爾夫的雙性同體觀

摘要：弗吉尼亞•伍爾夫是二十世紀英國著名的女性作家和女權(quán)主義批評家。她提出的“雙性同體”觀成為女權(quán)主義文學(xué)批評理論中一條重要的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文試圖通過分析弗吉尼亞•伍爾夫的“雙性同體”理論，解讀伍氏的奇幻傳記小說《奧蘭多》，揭示其女性主義思想。“雙性同體”指的是人類最初身兼兩性、渾然一體的圣潔狀態(tài)。這一概念最先由柏拉圖提出，伍爾夫?qū)⑺嵘秊槔碚摗８鶕?jù)伍爾夫的“雙性同體”理論，人類的大腦同時具有男女兩性的性格特征。兩性之間應(yīng)該互相包容、互相尊重，從而消弭性別對立，走向自由與平等。
全文分為五個部分，第一部分簡要介紹了伍爾夫的文學(xué)生涯及其成就，特別是她所提出的“雙性同體”觀點。第二部分探討了伍爾夫“雙性同體”觀的形成原因及其理論精髓。第三部分通過對《奧蘭多》的文本分析，進一步闡釋伍爾夫的“雙性同體”理論。第四部分揭示了弗吉尼亞•伍爾夫“雙性同體”觀的重要意義。最后一部分是對全文的總結(jié)。
正是通過對奧蘭多這個“雙性同體”人物的塑造，伍爾夫解構(gòu)了性別二元論，提出了性別問題的解決途徑在于兩性間的和諧共存。本文從女性主義視角出發(fā)，揭示了小說《奧蘭多》的現(xiàn)實意義在于批判父權(quán)社會中根深蒂固的性別歧視現(xiàn)象。

關(guān)鍵詞：弗吉尼亞•伍爾夫；《奧蘭多》；雙性同體；女性主義
 
Transcending Gender
----A Study of Virginia Woolf’s Androgynous Concept in Orlando

Abstract

Virginia Woolf was a famous British female writer and feminist critic in the 20th century. Her androgynous vision becomes a very important theory in the feminist criticism. This essay intends to analyze Woolf’s feminist thought through a case study of her fantastic historical biography Orlando, with a focus on Woolf’s theory of androgyny. Androgyny refers to consummation and integrity of human nature in ancient times. This concept was first put forward by Plato, Woolf later developed it into a new theory with more connotations. On the basis of Woolf’s androgynous theory, the brain of a human being is marked by the characteristics of both sexes. The hope, therefore, is that mutual tolerance and respect between sexes will prevent gender opposition and lead to freedom and equality.
The whole thesis consists of five parts. Part 1 is a brief introduction to Woolf’s literary career and her achievements, especially her androgynous vision. Part 2 discusses the formation and contents of Woolf’s concept of androgyny. Part 3 is an in-depth research on Woolf’s androgynous vision through a close examination of Orlando. Part 4 uncovers the significance of Woolf’s androgyny theory. Part 5 is a conclusion .
By creating the androgynous protagonist Orlando, Woolf deconstructed the gender binary system and came up with a solution to the problem of sexism, that is, harmonious coexistence between genders. It is from this feminist perspective that the essay reveals that the realistic meaning of Orlando lies in the criticism it makes against the deep-rooted sexism in the patriarchal society.

Key words:  Virginia Woolf; Orlando; androgyny; feminism

Acknowledgements

First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Zeng Xiaoqin. Without her guidance, support and encouragement throughout this process, this thesis would never become a reality.
My cordial and sincere thanks also go to all the teachers of English Department at Sichuan International Studies University (SISU). Their instructions and guidance have made my four years at this university a truly rewarding experience. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.
My special gratitude also goes to my classmates for their care in my life and for their insightful ideas in my learning.
Last but not the least, I would also like to sincerely thank my parents for getting me here and keeping me going all these years.
 
Contents
中文摘要……………………………………………………………….……...i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………..ii
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………..……..iii
Introduction…………………………………………………………..………..1
I. Woolf’s Androgynous Concept……………………………………..…….…3
A. Formation of Woolf’s Androgynous Concept…………………..……..3
B. Contents of Woolf’s Androgynous Concept……………………..……6
II. Study of Woolf’s Androgynous Concept Through Textual Analysis
of Orlando……………………………………………….…………………..9
A. Brief Introduction to the Novel Orlando…………………………..…..9
B. Orlando’s Struggle…………………………………………….………10
C. Orlando’s Vacillation between the Two Genders…………………......14
D. The Symbolic Meaning of Androgyny on Orlando…………………...17
III. The Significance of Woolf’s Androgynous Concept………………...….....20
Conclusion………………………………………………………....…………..22
Notes………………………………………………………………….………..25
Bibliography………………………………………………………….………..