于田綠洲—荒漠交錯帶土地覆蓋時空變化研究

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摘 要

以新疆典型干旱區(qū)于田綠洲為例，在提取各類LUCC空間影響因子的基礎上，應用灰色關聯(lián)度方法分析了各個因子在LUCC過程中的相對影響力大小，同時也驗證了在類似CA的土地單元空間轉變模擬模型中常見空間因子選擇的合理性。從導致區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的主要驅動因素——土地利用/覆蓋變化（LUCC）為出發(fā)點，以遙感技術為依托，對三個不同時相的陸地衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)以及相關統(tǒng)計資料進行了分析處理，利用得到的土地覆蓋差值圖像，定量分析了該研究區(qū)域1979年-2001年的時空變化趨勢及其主要的驅動因子。分析結果顯示：造成綠洲—荒漠交錯帶生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的主要原因是綠洲人口數(shù)量的增加和過度樵采等，不合理的水土資源利用導致綠洲荒漠化和交錯帶的地下水位下降。綠洲—荒漠交錯帶普遍存在植被覆蓋大面積下降現(xiàn)象，先前連續(xù)的過渡帶已有轉化成生態(tài)裂谷的趨勢，綠洲的屏障作用也進一步降低；綠洲外圍風沙前沿地帶在起風沙的作用下，流沙侵入農(nóng)田，進一步惡化了本已很貧瘠而又脆弱的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境。因此，現(xiàn)階段綠洲外圍生態(tài)環(huán)境較為惡劣，整體環(huán)境處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。

關鍵詞：土地覆蓋；土地利用；時空變化；干旱區(qū)；植被覆蓋度

ABSTRACT

A typical arid region of Xinjiang Yutian Oasis as an example,in space LUCC from various influencing factors on the basis of gray correlation analysis of the various factors in the process of LUCC the relative influence of size, also verified by the CA in similar land space modules change simulation model space factor common choice is reasonable. Resulting from the region's ecological environment is the major driving factors -- land use / land cover change (LUCC) as a starting point, remote sensing technology as the basis, not of three phases of the land satellite data and related statistical data analysis, use of the land cover images margin, Quantitative analysis of the study area in 1979 -2001, the spatio-temporal trends and the main driving factors. Analysis of the results showed: Oasis caused -- desert ecotone changes in the ecological environment is the main reason for Oasis population and the increase in the number of over-cutting. Unreasonable use of water and land resources led to desertification and Oasis Ecotone the lowering of the groundwater table. The decline of large areas of vegetation cover is widespread exsiting in Oasis -- desert ecotone , The previous consecutive zone is trended to be transformed into ecological, the role of the barriers of oasis is further to reduce ; in the role played sandstorms. Quicksand of Oasis external frontier of sandstorms invaded farmland and was further deteriorating,the very poor and fragile ecological environment. Therefore, at this stage, ecological environment of frontier oases is more bad and the overall environment is in a state of instability.

Key words: land cover; land use; spatial and temporal change; arid region; the ratio of vegetation cover

目 錄

1 引言 1
2 研究區(qū)域概況 1
2．1 自然概況 1
2．2 地質(zhì)地貌 2
2．3 區(qū)位概況 2
3 研究方法與數(shù)據(jù)處理 2
3．1 研究方法 2
3．2 分類系統(tǒng)制定 2
3．3 數(shù)據(jù)處理 3
3．3．1 數(shù)據(jù)分析 3
3．3．2 綠洲—荒漠交錯帶信息提取 4
4 討論分析 6
4．1 植被覆蓋度的變化 6
4．2 研究區(qū)域沙丘高度的變化 7
4．3 LUCC驅動力分析 8
4．3．1 自然因素 8
4．3．2 人為因素 9
4．3．2．1 政府行為因素 9
4．3．2．2 綜合因子定量分析 10
5 結語 10
致 謝 1
參考文獻 1

部分參考文獻

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