學 士 學 位 畢 業(yè) 論 文?設(shè) 計?
經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控車床控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
學生姓名

學 號

專 業(yè) 械設(shè)計制造及其自動化

班 級

指導教師

學 部 機電工程學部

答辯日期
經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控車床控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
摘 要 數(shù)控車床又稱數(shù)字控制?Numbercal control?簡稱NC?機床。它是基于數(shù)字控
制的?采用了數(shù)控技術(shù)?是一個裝有程序控制系統(tǒng)的機床。它是由主機?CNC?驅(qū)動
裝置?數(shù)控機床的輔助裝置?編程機及其他一些附屬設(shè)備所組成。
此次設(shè)計包括機床的總體布局設(shè)計?縱向進給設(shè)計?？刂葡到y(tǒng)部分包括步進電機
的選用及硬件電路設(shè)計和軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計?說明了芯片的擴展?鍵盤顯示接口的設(shè)計等
等。該控制系統(tǒng)采用軟件中斷控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及子程序結(jié)構(gòu)?因為子程序結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、條
件明確在經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中應用比較多。中斷結(jié)構(gòu)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計?因為這種結(jié)
構(gòu)便于修改和擴充?編制較為方便?便于向多處理機方向發(fā)展。
本文以普通數(shù)控機床為研究對象?介紹經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控機床主-從式控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計
過程。本設(shè)計采用 PC 機為上位機?8051為核心的單片機系統(tǒng)作下位機?以打印口
作為兩者間的通訊接口?構(gòu)成主—從式控制系統(tǒng)。該類型機床可以利用微型計算機豐
富的軟硬件資源?可以編制出具有友好的人機界面的系統(tǒng)控制軟件?可以利用單片機
系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單、工作可靠、價格便宜的特點?并借助C語言、匯編語言等編制出
執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的位置控制軟?可以使原數(shù)控機床的擴充性及開放性更強?使數(shù)控編程更加
方便、高效?也為將來數(shù)控機床的網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制打下基礎(chǔ)。本文著重闡述數(shù)控機床及及主
-從式系統(tǒng)的概述?上位機與下位機間通訊接口及通訊模式的選擇?下位機硬件設(shè)計?
步進電動機控制程序。
關(guān)鍵詞?數(shù)控機床?開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)?電動機


II Control System Design of Econmical NC Lathe Abstract The numerical control lathe called the numerical control (Numbercal Control, is called
NC) the engine bed. It is based on the numerical control, has used the numerical control
technology, is loaded with the procedure control system the engine bed. It is by the main
engine, CNC, the drive, the numerical control engine bed auxiliary unit, the programming
machine and other some appurtenances is composed.
This design including the engine bed overall layout design, longitudinal enters for the
design, also includes the gear modulus computation and the examination, the main axle
rigidity examination and so on. The control system partially including step-by-steps the
electrical machinery to select and the hardware circuit design and the software system
design, explained the chip expansion, keyboard demonstration connection design and so
on.
This article takes the ordinary numerical control machine tool as the research object, and
introduces the design process of a master-slave system. In order to use the abundant
software and hardware resources of IPC and to compile software of system which is
friendly to users, and in order to compile the control software of execution machinery by C
and Assembly language at the same time, this CNC system adopts the master-slave
structure and parallel communication method. The master computer sends control
instructions and parameters to the slave computer under Windows98, for the sake of
making the slave computer work well. This system enhances the expanse and open ability
of the original CNC machine tools, makes the NC programming become easy and efficient,
and It also set a foundation for the numerical control machine tool in the field of the
network control. There are three principal parts in the full text: the summary of CNC and
the master-slave system; the communication port and mode between the master and slave
computer; the control procedure of the step motor.
Keywords?Numerical control; Machine tool; Open-loop?Step motor
目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................. I
Abstract ............................................................ II
第1章 緒 論 ....................................................... 1
1.1 兩坐標經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控機床的課題研究意義 .............................. 1
1.2 兩坐標經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控機床的課題研究主要內(nèi)容 .......................... 1
第2章經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控機床機械結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................... 1
2.1 進給系統(tǒng)組成 .................................................... 1
2.2 齒形帶傳動設(shè)計 .................................................. 3
2.2.1 帶和帶傳動 .................................................... 3
2.2.2 齒形帶的選擇 ................................................... 4
2.3 步進電機的選擇 ................................................. 5
2.3.1 步進電機概述 .................................................. 7
2.3.2 步進電機的選擇 ................................................ 9
2.4 絲杠螺母設(shè)計 ................................................... 10
2.4.1 滾珠絲杠螺母副類型選擇 ....................................... 11
2.4.2 滾珠絲杠螺母副型號..