重大環(huán)境污染事故罪主觀方面探析

目  錄

摘要
引言…………………………………………………………………1
一、重大環(huán)境污染事故罪主觀方面觀點述評……………………2
（一）重大環(huán)境污染事故罪主觀方面觀點概述…………………2
（二）重大環(huán)境污染事故罪主觀方面諸觀點評析………………2
二、本罪主觀方面：排除故意……………………………………3
（一）本罪主觀方面案例…………………………………………3
（二）本罪主觀方面案例評析……………………………………3
三、本罪主觀方面：過失和推定過失……………………………4
（一）過失：本罪的主觀方面……………………………………5
（二）推定過失……………………………………………………5
四、嚴(yán)格責(zé)任于本罪之適用………………………………………6
（一）嚴(yán)格責(zé)任和絕對責(zé)任之辨析………………………………6
（二）本罪適用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任之爭議…………………………………6
五、嚴(yán)格責(zé)任適用本罪之限制……………………………………9
（一）辯護(hù)理由對嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的限制………………………………9
（二）證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的限制………………………………9
（三）刑罰適用對嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的限制………………………………9
（四）罪刑法定對嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的限制………………………………10
結(jié)語…………………………………………………………………10
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………11
附錄…………………………………………………………………12
附件一………………………………………………………………12
附件二………………………………………………………………17
致謝…………………………………………………………………

摘要：重大環(huán)境污染事故罪的主觀方面應(yīng)排除故意，而包括過失和推定過失。英美法系的嚴(yán)格責(zé)任和我國民法的過錯推定實質(zhì)是一致的，它沒有違背主客觀相統(tǒng)一原則，沒有否認(rèn)罪過作為犯罪構(gòu)成的必要構(gòu)成要素，它仍是過錯責(zé)任的一部分。環(huán)境污染具有眾多特殊性，為了應(yīng)對這種特殊性，更好地打擊環(huán)境犯罪，維護(hù)公共利益和保護(hù)公民的合法權(quán)益，重大環(huán)境污染事故罪主觀方面的認(rèn)定中應(yīng)引進(jìn)嚴(yán)格責(zé)任。故本罪的主觀方面應(yīng)當(dāng)以過錯責(zé)任為原則、以嚴(yán)格責(zé)任為輔助。作為客觀歸罪的絕對責(zé)任應(yīng)排除在本罪主觀方面之外。完善現(xiàn)行刑法對本罪之規(guī)定，應(yīng)就適用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任作出明文規(guī)定，并對嚴(yán)格責(zé)任作出一定的限制如允許辯護(hù)理由的存在。司法實踐中，對違反國家規(guī)定的行為和嚴(yán)重后果持故意的行為，不構(gòu)成本罪而應(yīng)根據(jù)其行為的主客觀要件等犯罪事實，依據(jù)刑法的其他規(guī)定如投放危險物質(zhì)罪定罪處罰。

關(guān)鍵詞：重大環(huán)境污染事故罪  主觀方面  嚴(yán)格責(zé)任  絕對責(zé)任  推定過失

Abstract: The subjective aspects of the crime of great environmental pollution accident should remove intent, but including fault and constructive fault. The strict liability in the common law is consistent with the essence of fault deduce in our civil law, which does not go against the principle of subjective aspect according to objective aspect, does not deny subjective fault as a necessary element composing a crime, is still a part of the fault liability. Environmental pollution has a lot of particularity, for dealing with this kind of particularity, better striking environment crime, safeguarding the public interests and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, it is necessary for us to introduce the strict responsibility to the crime of great environmental pollution accident. So referring to the subject aspect of this crime, fault liability should be applied firstly, auxiliary the strict liability. Absolute liability should be excluded from the criminal law for its nature of objective culpability.ｗe should make it clear in the criminal Law that this crime can apply to strict liability and the limit to it such as allowing the presence of defense. In judicial practice, for the case that the defendant holds intent not only to the behavior violating country regulation but also to the serious consequences, it does not compose this crime,we should convict the right crime as what it should be according to subjective and objective aspects，such as the crime of putting hazardous substances.

Key words: crime of great environmental pollution accident/ subjective aspect/ strict liability/ absolute liability/ constructive fault