基于java實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)考試系統(tǒng)

摘要
 無(wú)紙化考試系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)代教育的重要標(biāo)志，讓考試的結(jié)果更加的合理、公正、公平，也可以節(jié)約人力成本。高校在線考試系統(tǒng)，常用客戶機(jī)／服務(wù)器(C／S)型的MIS型架構(gòu)，或基于Web使用瀏覽器／服務(wù)器 (B／S)的架構(gòu)。C／S架構(gòu)的在線考試系統(tǒng)，試題存放在遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上，客戶端安裝考試應(yīng)用程序和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)客戶機(jī)配置，每次考試時(shí)需對(duì)客戶端進(jìn)行安裝、配置。而采用B／S架構(gòu)的考試系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)與B／S結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)結(jié)合可實(shí)現(xiàn)瘦客戶機(jī)，系統(tǒng)維護(hù)僅需在服務(wù)器端進(jìn)行。故開發(fā)了基于B／S的在線考試系統(tǒng)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用軟件運(yùn)行的模式主要有兩類：C／S和B／S模式。前者主要的缺點(diǎn)是維護(hù)、升級(jí)相對(duì)比較麻煩，費(fèi)用也比較高；B／S(Browser／Server)結(jié)構(gòu)即瀏覽器和服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)下，用戶工作界面是通過(guò)WWW 瀏覽器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，極少部分事務(wù)邏輯在前端 (Browser)實(shí)現(xiàn)，主要事務(wù)邏輯在服務(wù)器端(Server)實(shí)現(xiàn)。這樣大大簡(jiǎn)化了客戶端電腦載荷，減輕了系統(tǒng)維護(hù)與升級(jí)的成本和工作量，降低了用戶的總體成本。
 本論文的內(nèi)容就是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基于java的B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)算機(jī)考試系統(tǒng)，可以基本實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生、教師以及管理員所需要的功能。在這個(gè)B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)中，學(xué)生通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)登入系統(tǒng)，實(shí)時(shí)提交解答。系統(tǒng)能保存結(jié)果，供教師披閱，并能自動(dòng)根據(jù)條件對(duì)客觀題進(jìn)行判分，還能對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、管理，協(xié)助教師找出教學(xué)中存在的問(wèn)題，滿足任何授權(quán)的考生隨時(shí)隨地考試并迅速獲得成績(jī)的需求，同時(shí)也大大減輕了教師出題、監(jiān)考和判卷等繁重的工作量。

關(guān)鍵字：J2EE;java;MVC;在線;考試系統(tǒng)

Abstract
 Paperless exam is an important symbol of modern education for this kind of exam make the result more reasonable, more just, and release human resource. The online exam system of university, usually uses the C/S MIS architecture, or based web use B/S architecture. In the exam system of C/S architecture, where the papers are stored in the remote Server and the Client must set up the exam application and configure the database, we must set up and configure the Client every time when do exam. However, the exam system using the B/S architecture can implement thin Client by combining the Management Information System. As system maintenance is only necessary at the sever end, our developed exam system is based on B/S architecture. WEB application software is either of C/S or B/S modes. The main disadvantage of the previous mode is the trouble of maintenance and update, and thus the charge is higher; the B/S architecture is composed of Browser and Server. In this architecture, the user interface is just implemented on WWW Browser, a little part of the transactions is implemented in Browser, and the main part of transactions is implemented in Server. So the load of Client is reduced, and thus reduce the cost of maintenance and update, so as the whole cost.
　　 This graduate project is about the exam system based on java and B/S architecture. It has implemented the basic function needed by the student, teacher and administrator. In this B/S architecture project, students login the system through web, and commit the answers in real-time. The system can judge the paper and save the result, statistic, manage the points; help the teacher to find the problem in teaching. It allows any student which is authorized to subscribe to exam and gain the result at anytime or anywhere, and reduce the workload of the teacher for giving question, invigilation and judging paper.

key words:J2EE;java;MVC;web;exam system

目  錄
第1章  緒論 3
1.1項(xiàng)目背景 3
1.2計(jì)算機(jī)考試系統(tǒng)發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4
1.4研究開發(fā)的目標(biāo)和基本內(nèi)容 4
1.4.1 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的主要任務(wù)和目標(biāo) 4
1.4.2 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的基本內(nèi)容 5
1.5 技術(shù)研究背景 5
第2章  系統(tǒng)技術(shù)介紹及應(yīng)用 7
2.1 JSP技術(shù)概述及工作原理 7
2.1.1 JSP技術(shù)概要 7
2.1.2 JSP的工作原理 8
2.1.3 JSP與ASP的比較 8
2.2 JDBC介紹 10
2.3 MVC模式介紹 12
2.4 Struts技術(shù)概述及工作原理 13
2.4.1 Struts技術(shù)概述 13
2.4.2 Struts的工作原理 14
2.5 Hibernate技術(shù)概述及工作原理 15
2.5.1 Hibernate技術(shù)概述 15
2.5.2 Hibernate工作原理 16
2.6 Tomcat應(yīng)用服務(wù)器介紹 17
2.7 MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)介紹 19
2.7.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的歷史和發(fā)展 19
2.7.2 MySQL介紹 19
2.7.3 MySQL的主要特性 20
第3章  系統(tǒng)需求分析 22
3.1系統(tǒng)功能概述 22
3.2權(quán)限與控制 22
3.3系統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)流程分析 23
3.3.1業(yè)務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ) 23
3.3.2業(yè)務(wù)流程 23
3.4系統(tǒng)模塊簡(jiǎn)介 27
3.4.1登錄模塊 27
3.4.2系統(tǒng)管理模塊 27
3.4.3科目管理模塊 28
3.4.4題庫(kù)管理模塊 29
3.4.5試卷管理模塊 29
3.4.6帳戶管理模塊 29
3.4.7考試管理模塊 29
3.4.8信息查詢模塊 30
3.5系統(tǒng)開發(fā)環(huán)境 30
第4章  系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.1系統(tǒng)整體架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.2系統(tǒng)管理設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.3題庫(kù)管理設(shè)計(jì) 37
4.4科目管理設(shè)計(jì) 38
4.5試卷管理設(shè)計(jì) 39
4.6帳戶管理設(shè)計(jì) 39
4.7考試管理設(shè)計(jì) 40
4.8信息查詢?cè)O(shè)計(jì) 41
4.9數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì) 42
第5章  系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn) 45
5.1 系統(tǒng)Model層實(shí)現(xiàn) 45
5.1.1類AdminBean： 45
5.1.2類SchoolBean： 45
5.1.3類CollegeBean： 46
5.1.4類ClassBean： 46
5.1.5類TeacherBean： 47
5.1.6類StudentBean： 47
5.1.7類ExamBean： 48
5.1.8類PaperBean： 49
5.1.9類SubjectBean： 50
5.1.10類TiankongBean： 50
5.1.11類XuanzeBean： 51
5.2系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)對(duì)象DAO層實(shí)現(xiàn) 52
5.2.1類AdminBeanDAO： 52
5.2.2類SchoolBeanDAO： 52
5.2.3類CollegeBeanDAO： 53
5.2.4類ClassBeanDAO： 53
5.2.5類TeacherBeanDAO： 53
5.2.6類StudentBeanDAO： 53
5.2.7類ExamBeanDAO： 54
5.2.8類PaperBeanDAO： 54
5.2.9類SubjectBeanDAO： 54
5.2.10類TiankongBeanDAO： 55
5.2.11類XuanzeBeanDAO： 55
5.3系統(tǒng)中的ACTION類 55
5.3.1類AccountAction： 55
5.3.2類AccountManageAction： 56
5.3.3類SchoolAction： 56
5.3.4類CollegeAction： 57
5.3.5類ClassAction： 57
5.3.6類TeacherAction： 58
5.3.7類StudentAction： 59
5.3.8類ExamAction： 59
5.3.9類PaperAction： 60
5.3.10類SubjectAction： 61
5.3.11類QuestionAction： 62
5.4系統(tǒng)中的視圖層 62
第6章  總結(jié) 71