基于高速以太網(wǎng)的移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)的研究
頁(yè)數(shù) 78 字?jǐn)?shù) 42892
摘 要
碩 士 學(xué) 位 論 文
移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)MANET（Mobile Ad hoc Networks）是一種特殊的無(wú)線移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有節(jié)點(diǎn)地位平等，無(wú)需設(shè)置任何的中心控制節(jié)點(diǎn)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)不僅具有普通移動(dòng)終端所需的功能，而且具有報(bào)文轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)能力。MANET被廣泛的應(yīng)用于軍事、緊急臨時(shí)場(chǎng)合等諸多領(lǐng)域，并成為今后普及計(jì)算環(huán)境的重要組成部分。
MANET的協(xié)議調(diào)試十分重要，而其多跳性和節(jié)點(diǎn)的移動(dòng)性使協(xié)議的調(diào)試十分困難。所以MANET的協(xié)議調(diào)試通常采用仿真，但傳統(tǒng)的仿真工具在仿真大規(guī)模移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)時(shí)往往實(shí)時(shí)性和可擴(kuò)展性不能滿足被測(cè)協(xié)議運(yùn)行時(shí)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的要求。
ManTS（MANET Test System）是一個(gè)可以在有線局域網(wǎng)上仿真出無(wú)線的MANET環(huán)境的動(dòng)態(tài)的MANET測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。ManTS采取分布式的體系結(jié)構(gòu)，并利用真實(shí)傳輸和虛擬傳輸?shù)南嘟Y(jié)合的方式來(lái)提高系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性和可擴(kuò)展性。被測(cè)協(xié)議不需要修改，就直接能在ManTS上實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行；ManTS中的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量可以動(dòng)態(tài)變化，可以滿足大規(guī)模測(cè)試的需要。
AODV是一種重要的MANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)按需路由協(xié)議，它只當(dāng)源節(jié)點(diǎn)需要時(shí)才生成路由,本文詳細(xì)分析了AODV路由協(xié)議的工作過(guò)程，而且分析了該協(xié)議現(xiàn)在存在的安全問(wèn)題（路由表溢出和黑洞問(wèn)題），并且在分析已有解決方案的基礎(chǔ)上提出解決方案。
為了使ManTS可以方便操作、實(shí)用化和更能逼真地仿真MANET環(huán)境，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的ManTS各項(xiàng)性能進(jìn)行了提高和優(yōu)化。并在ManTS系統(tǒng)上仿真了MANET路由協(xié)議中的AODV協(xié)議，最后，在特定的實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境下驗(yàn)證AODV路由協(xié)議的性能指標(biāo)，得出實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)并分析。


關(guān)鍵詞：移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)（MANET）,仿真,AODV,路由安全
Abstract

Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a kind of special wireless mobile networks, in which every node is peer to peer, because there is not any center control node. Not only the node within the network does play a role of normal mobile terminal, but also is able to forward messages. MANET is widely deployed in the fields of military, temporary emergent occasion etc. and is becoming an important part of the pervasive computing environment.
Protocol testing is very important for MANET. However, its multi-hop characteristics and its nodes’ mobility make it difficult to test the protocol. Therefore, the most popular way of testing protocol for MANET is simulation. But the traditional simulation tools can not meet the demand of testing protocol in large scale, because they are lack of realtime-running and scalability.
ManTS (MANET Test System) can simulate a wireless MANET environment through a wired LAN, using a distributed architecture and running on the high speed LAN. To improve the real-time and scalability of the system, the combination of the true and virtual transmission is employed. Candidate protocol can run on ManTS in real-time without any modification. Moreover, the number of nodes in ManTS can vary dynamically, which makes ManTS be able to test in large scale.
AODV routing protocol is an important routing protocol used for MANET. It is an on demand algorithm, meaning that it builds routes between nodes only as desired by source nodes.this paper analyzes in detail the working process and the potential insecurity factors in AODV protocol,and proposes a solution based on the exist solution for the insecurity factors.
In order to be manipulated expediently and simulate a wireless MANET environment, ManTS must improve and optimize its performances.AODV in the MANET routing protocols is simulated by ManTS.The performances of AODV has been tested in a configured environment, and the results have been eva luated.
Keywords: mobile ad hoc network (MANET), simulation, AODV, routing security
目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 有線局域網(wǎng)的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的主要問(wèn)題 1
1.2 無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展 1
1.3 移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)中的協(xié)議 3
1.4 論文內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)安排 4
第二章 論文的研究背景 6
2.1移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)簡(jiǎn)介 6
2.1.1 移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)的特點(diǎn) 6
2.1.2 移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 8
2.2 ManTS的簡(jiǎn)介 9
2.2.1 ManTS的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?9
2.2.2 ManTS的體系結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.2.3 ManTS的運(yùn)行流程 11
2.3 小結(jié) 11
第三章 ManTS中主要算法 12
3.1 ManTS物理層及其仿真 12
3.1.1 IEEE802.11中傳輸模式及其比較 12
3.1.2 IEEE802.11物理層 14
3.1.3 ManTS物理層參數(shù)選取 15
3.2 ManTS MAC層及其仿真 17
3.2.1 IEEE802.11 MAC的結(jié)構(gòu) 17
3.2.2 分布式協(xié)調(diào)功能 17
3.2.3 RTS/CTS機(jī)制 20
3.2.4 ManTS中MAC層仿真 21
3.3 隱藏節(jié)點(diǎn)和暴露節(jié)點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 24
3.3.1 隱藏節(jié)點(diǎn)和暴露節(jié)點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 24
3.3.2 解決隱藏節(jié)點(diǎn)和暴露節(jié)點(diǎn)問(wèn)題的策略 27
3.4 小結(jié) 28
第四章 MANET的路由協(xié)議 29
4.1 MANET的路由協(xié)議的簡(jiǎn)介 29
4.2 理想的MANET的路由協(xié)議的特點(diǎn) 29
4.3 路由協(xié)議面臨的主要的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題 30
4.4 MANET的路由協(xié)議分類(lèi) 32
4.4.1 先應(yīng)式路由協(xié)議和按需路由協(xié)議 32
4.5 MANET的安全性 34
4.5.1 系統(tǒng)脆弱性 34
4.5.2 路由協(xié)議的安全威脅 35
4.5.3 對(duì)路由的攻擊 35
4.5.4 對(duì)傳輸信息的攻擊 37
4.6 安全路由 37
4.7 小結(jié) 38
第五章 AODV協(xié)議算法的研究 39
5.1 AODV基本思想 39
5.2 AODV協(xié)議的路由建立 39
5.3 AODV協(xié)議的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題 40
5.3.1目的節(jié)點(diǎn)序列號(hào) 40
5.3.2局部連接性（鄰居表）的管理 41
5.4 算法描述 41
5.5路由維護(hù) 45
5.6 路由管理 45
5.7 AODV協(xié)議的安全問(wèn)題 47
5.7.1 AODV安全增強(qiáng)方案 48
5.7.2 路由表溢出問(wèn)題的解決方案 49
5.7.3 黑洞問(wèn)題的解決方案 50
5.8 AODV存在的問(wèn)題及現(xiàn)有對(duì)AODV協(xié)議改進(jìn)的方法 51
5.8.1 AODV協(xié)議存在的問(wèn)題 51
5.8.2 AODV協(xié)議的改進(jìn)方法 51
5.9 小結(jié) 52
第六章 AODV協(xié)議算法的性能測(cè)試 53
6.1 端到端的平均延遲 53
6.2 分組平均投遞率 53
6.3 路由開(kāi)銷(xiāo) 53
6.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和分析 54
6.4.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境 54
6.4.2 選取參數(shù) 54
6.4.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和分析 55
6.5 小結(jié) 57
第七章 仿真測(cè)試系統(tǒng)ManTS性能的改善 58
7.1 數(shù)據(jù)收集 58
7.2 數(shù)據(jù)分析 58
7.3 用戶界面 58
7.4 提高系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性 59
7.5 小結(jié) 60
結(jié) 束 語(yǔ) 61
•論文工作總結(jié) 61
•工作展望 61
參考文獻(xiàn) 63
附錄 名詞縮寫(xiě) 65
攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間所發(fā)表的論文 67
致 謝 69

參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Elizabeth M. Royer, Chai-keong Toh, A Review of Current Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, IEEE Personal Communication April 1999
[2] 趙志峰 鄭少仁，移動(dòng)多跳網(wǎng)介紹
[3] Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Royer, Ad-hocOn-Demand Distance Vector Routing，[4] Hongmei Deng,Wei Li. Routing Security in Wireless Ad hoc Networks[J].IEEE Communication Magazine ,2002,40(10):70-75.
[5] Luke Klein-Berndt, A Quick Guide to AODV Routing