摘要: 傳輸控制協議和IP協議被DOD工程研究部策劃用于連接不同廠商設計的網絡而形成網絡的網絡("英特網")。因為它通過許多的客戶端/服務器系統(tǒng)實現了一些每個人都需要的基本服務( 文件移動, 電子郵件, 遠程登陸) , 所以它最初就取得了成功。在一個小的部門中幾臺計算機就能在局域網中使用TCP/IP協議(或其他協議) 。IP組件提供部門網絡到企業(yè)網絡的路由，然后到地方網絡的路由，最后到全球網絡的路由。在戰(zhàn)場上一個通信網絡因為受到損
害是不會自動恢復的，因此DOD設計的TCP/IP協議是非常健壯的而且能從任何節(jié)點錯誤或電話線錯誤中自動恢復過來。這種設計使得構建非常大的網絡也不需要什么中央處理單元。然而，正是因為這個自動恢復技術使得網絡在篅@ひ歡問奔潯淶貌豢燒鋃蝦筒徽貳：推淥ㄐ判橐謊琓CP/IP協議也是由層組成的：
basic services that everyone needs (file transfer, electronic mail, remote logon) across a very large number of client and server systems. Several computers in a small department can use TCP/IP (along with other protocols) on a single LAN. The IP component provides routing from the department to the enterprise network, then to regional networks, and finally to the global Internet. On the battlefield a communications network will sustain damage, so the DOD designed TCP/IP to be robust and automatically recover from any node or phone line failure. This design allows the construction of very large networks with less central management. However, because of the automatic recovery, network problems can go undiagnosed and uncorrected for long periods of time.