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摘要 I
Abstract II
1 引言 1
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 2
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原理 2
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料和設(shè)備 3
2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)條件 5
2.4 環(huán)境測(cè)試艙甲醛濃度測(cè)定 7
2.5 材料中污染物散發(fā)率的測(cè)定 7
3 結(jié)果與討論 9
3.1 油漆中甲醛散發(fā)率模型 9
3.1.1 散發(fā)率模型測(cè)定 9
3.1.2 空氣交換率對(duì)散發(fā)率模型的影響 12
3.2 室內(nèi)甲醛濃度預(yù)測(cè)模型 17
3.2.1 甲醛濃度預(yù)測(cè)模型 17
3.2.2 預(yù)測(cè)模型的分析與求解 18
3.2.3 甲醛濃度預(yù)測(cè)模型的驗(yàn)證 19
4 結(jié)論 20
5 參考文獻(xiàn) 21
致謝 23


室內(nèi)空氣交換率對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量的影響



摘 要
近年來室內(nèi)空氣污染越來越受到人們的關(guān)注，作為室內(nèi)主要的有害物質(zhì)之一的甲醛倍受關(guān)注。研究甲醛濃度隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律，對(duì)保證人體健康至關(guān)重要。本文使用小型環(huán)境測(cè)試艙動(dòng)態(tài)平衡法，測(cè)定室內(nèi)甲醛散發(fā)率及甲醛濃度隨時(shí)間變化規(guī)律（R=f(t)，C=f(t)），研究室內(nèi)空氣交換率N對(duì)其規(guī)律影響。
采用酚試劑比色法測(cè)定室內(nèi)空氣中的甲醛即時(shí)濃度C，并換算成甲醛即時(shí)散發(fā)率R，繪制散發(fā)率—時(shí)間曲線，推導(dǎo)甲醛散發(fā)率—時(shí)間模型。改變室內(nèi)空氣交換率N (1 h-1、1.01 h-1、1.03 h-1、1.22h-1)，研究室內(nèi)空氣交換率N對(duì)散發(fā)率模型的影響。在甲醛散發(fā)模型（R=f(t)）的基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)甲醛濃度模型(C=f(t))。
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：揮發(fā)系數(shù)較大的液態(tài)材料散發(fā)率通常呈有理數(shù)衰減，其模型為： ，其中R0為初始散發(fā)率(mg/m2/h)，t為時(shí)間(h)，a為衰減常數(shù)。在溫度T、濕度RH、荷載率L等實(shí)驗(yàn)條件不變的情況下，單獨(dú)改變空氣交換率N，隨著空氣交換率N 增大，甲醛的初始散發(fā)率也相應(yīng)增大，衰減系數(shù)隨之增大；多個(gè)污染源存在時(shí)，甲醛初始濃度由散發(fā)率較高污染源決定，濃度衰減模型則散發(fā)率衰減速度較慢污染源決定。

關(guān)鍵詞：室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量；甲醛；散發(fā)率—時(shí)間模型；油漆；空氣交換率



The influence of ventilation efficiency on the indoor air quality
Abstract
In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the indoor pollution. As one of the main harmful items，formaldehyde has attracted much attention. The studying on the formaldehyde concentration varying over time is essential to ensure human health. This thesis is to study the ventilation efficiency influence on the regular pattern of the formaldehyde emission rate and concentration VS time （R=f(t)，C=f(t) ）by using the small environmental test chamber dynamic balance method
Formaldehyde immediate concentration is detected by phenol reagent spectrophotometry firstly, the immediate formaldehyde emission rate in the chamber calculated from the concentration secondly，the R-t curve is made and the formaldehyde emission rate VS time model is derived. Change the ventilation efficiency N (1 h-1, 1.01 h-1, 1.03 h-1, 1.22h-1), then the ventilation efficiency factor influence can be got. We can also conclude formaldehyde concentration VS time model (C=f(t)) basing on the formaldehyde emission rate VS time model（R=f(t)）.
The experimental results show: the emission rate of liquid-state materials such as pants usually decrease over the time, and the emission rate attenuate model can be described as a model like , where R0 is the initial dissemination the rate (mg/m2/h), a is the attenuation constant (m2/mg), and t is the time (h). When temperature T, humidity RH, load ratio L are not change, but only the ventilation efficiency N increases, the initial formaldehyde emission rate R0 and the attenuation coefficient a would increase. The initial formaldehyde concentration is decided by the polluting source with higher emission rate, while the concentration attenuate model is decided by the polluting source with lower emission rate.

Key words: indoor air quality, formaldehyde, emission rate model, paint, ventilation efficiency