摘要

循環(huán)流化床鍋爐是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種新型燃燒設(shè)備，其具有燃料適應(yīng)性廣、有利于環(huán)保、負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)性好、燃燒熱強(qiáng)度大、爐內(nèi)傳熱能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所以，其一經(jīng)推出就在世界范圍內(nèi)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。特別是在中國(guó)，循環(huán)流化床鍋爐技術(shù)在近幾十年取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。我國(guó)自上世紀(jì)八十年代起開始發(fā)展循環(huán)流化床鍋爐技術(shù)，并同時(shí)采取引進(jìn)和自我開發(fā)兩條路線，目前已經(jīng)完全掌握了中小型循環(huán)流化床鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)。

本文首先介紹了循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的發(fā)展歷史、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、工作過程、主要類型，然后進(jìn)行了最主要的部分——鍋爐熱力計(jì)算。

本文系統(tǒng)的闡述了循環(huán)流化床的計(jì)算和設(shè)計(jì)過程，主要包括熱力計(jì)算、煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算。熱力計(jì)算包括爐膛、高溫過熱器、低溫過熱器、省煤器以及空氣預(yù)熱器的計(jì)算。煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算包括煙道阻力計(jì)算和空氣阻力計(jì)算。

熱力計(jì)算中利用了傳熱學(xué)，流體力學(xué)和燃燒學(xué)等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，并查閱的相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料。

最后，用Auto-CAD繪制出鍋爐總體布置圖和剖面圖。

關(guān)鍵詞：循環(huán)流化床鍋爐，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，熱力計(jì)算

　　　

　　　

ABSTRACT

The CFB is the new combustion equipment which is developed in the recent years, it has the advantages of be widely adapt to fuels, be good for environment, load adjustment well, burning intensity is big, heat transfer is strong in the firebox and so on. So, it is widely applied in the world. Especially in China, the technology of CFB is made great progress in the recent years. Our country opens the beginning of developing the circulation fluid bed boiler technology from on century 80's,and simultaneously adopts the introduction and the self-development two political lines, we are already completely had grasped the design and manufacture technology for middle and small scale circulation fluid bed boiler at present.

At first，this paper introduces the circulating fluidized bed boiler's history of development, system composition, course of work and main type, then the most important part of boiler thermodynamic calculation is introduced.

This paper fully discusses the calculation and design process of CFB, mainly include thermal calculation, smoke resistance calculation. Thermodynamic  calculation of the furnace include calculation of high temperature super heater, low temperature super heater, economizer and air preheater of calculation. Smoke-wind resistance calculation include calculation of flue resistance and air resistance calculation.

In the thermodynamic calculation the heat transfer, fluid mechanics, combustion courses and relevant basic knowledge is used, and also I consult the relevant literature.

Finally, I draw the general arrangement diagram and cross-section drawn of the boiler with Auto-CAD.

KEY WORDS: circulating fluidized bedboiler，structural design，thermodynamic calculation

目錄

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

1 文獻(xiàn)綜述 1

1.1鍋爐概述 1

1.2鍋爐在火力發(fā)電廠中的作用 2

1.3鍋爐設(shè)備的構(gòu)成 3

1.3.1鍋爐本體設(shè)備 4

1.3.2鍋爐輔助設(shè)備 6

1.4鍋爐的工作原理 7

1.5鍋爐的主要類型 8

1.6煤粉電站鍋爐的發(fā)展 12

1.7煤粉爐的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 16

1.8鍋爐的安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) 17

2 方案選定 18

2.1 方案論證 18

2.1.1 鍋爐類型 18

2.1.2 鍋爐的整體布置 19

2.1.3 燃燒方法選擇 19

2.1.4 煤粉制備系統(tǒng) 19

2.1.5 汽水流程 19

2.1.6 煙風(fēng)系統(tǒng) 20

2.2 設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品概述 21

3 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 23

3.1 基本數(shù)據(jù) 23

3.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)煤種(淮南煙煤) 23

3.1.2 石灰石 24

3.2 燃燒計(jì)算 24

3.2.1 無(wú)脫硫工況時(shí)的燃燒計(jì)算 24

3.2.2 鍋爐各受熱面處煙道漏風(fēng)系數(shù) 25

3.2.3 脫硫計(jì)算 25

3.2.4 脫硫工況時(shí)受熱面中燃燒產(chǎn)物的平均特性 28

3.2.5 脫硫工況時(shí)燃燒產(chǎn)物焓溫表 30

3.3 鍋爐熱力計(jì)算 32

3.3.1 鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 32

3.3.2 鍋爐熱平衡及燃料和石灰石消耗量 33

3.3.3 爐膛膜式水冷壁傳熱系數(shù)計(jì)算 35

3.3.4 爐膛汽冷屏傳熱系數(shù)計(jì)算 37

3.3.5 汽冷旋風(fēng)分離器熱力計(jì)算 43

3.4 爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 46

3.4.1 爐膛膜式水冷壁結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 46

3.4.2 爐膛汽冷屏結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 50

3.4.3 爐膛汽冷旋風(fēng)分離器結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 52

3.5 爐膛總體熱力計(jì)算 55

3.6 過熱器和再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 60

3.6.1 高溫過熱器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 60

3.6.2 低溫過熱器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 66

3.6.3 低溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 71

3.7 省煤器和空氣預(yù)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 76

3.7.1 省煤器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 76

3.7.2 空氣預(yù)熱器結(jié)構(gòu)及熱力計(jì)算 82

3.8 熱力計(jì)算主要參數(shù)及誤差檢查 88

3.9 鍋爐循環(huán)回路煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算 89

3.9.1 爐膛煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算 89

3.9.2 旋風(fēng)分離器煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算 93

3.9.3 回料器煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算 98

結(jié)論 106

致謝 107

參考文獻(xiàn) 108