中 文 摘 要

    本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的題目是旋風(fēng)式外銑削頭設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)的銑刀主要用于螺桿外螺紋的銑削。

目前對(duì)螺桿常用的加工方法主要采用車(chē)削和磨削。車(chē)削加工精度差，磨削加工雖然加工精度較高，但對(duì)于大導(dǎo)程或長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)的螺桿來(lái)說(shuō)，由于磨削被加工面是砂輪旋轉(zhuǎn)軸線(xiàn)相對(duì)螺桿軸線(xiàn)偏轉(zhuǎn)相應(yīng)的螺旋角，螺桿達(dá)到一定的長(zhǎng)度，砂輪接桿就會(huì)碰到被加工工件。因此，螺桿的可加工長(zhǎng)度受螺桿螺旋升角的限制，同樣即使螺旋升角不大，當(dāng)螺桿長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到一定值時(shí)，對(duì)其的磨削加工也無(wú)法完成。

顯然，用傳統(tǒng)的加工方法顯然會(huì)比較困難。所以我們采用旋風(fēng)銑削的加工方法。旋風(fēng)銑削的加工方法則很好地解決了用傳統(tǒng)加工方法難以加工的螺桿問(wèn)題，它可以消除刀具切削對(duì)螺槽外形的影響，大大提高被加工螺桿的精度，并且加工效率高。

隨著旋風(fēng)銑削機(jī)床在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中的成功應(yīng)用和推廣，德國(guó)Leistrite公司近年來(lái)又推出了高速硬體內(nèi)螺紋旋風(fēng)銑削機(jī)床，一改傳統(tǒng)的加工原理，刀桿不用偏轉(zhuǎn)，而是與螺母軸線(xiàn)平行，且使成形刀切削面與螺紋的法向截面重合，銑削出的螺紋滾道截型與成形刀具的截型一致。為了提高數(shù)控加工的效率，目前國(guó)外許多飛機(jī)廠(chǎng)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠(chǎng)已采用高速切削加工來(lái)制造航空零部件。我們所指高速加工是高速主軸、高速進(jìn)給和先進(jìn)的控制軟件。目前，國(guó)外在高速切削加工方面除了進(jìn)行工藝研究外，還著重開(kāi)展了研制、發(fā)展和提供能夠適應(yīng)于高速切削加工用的高質(zhì)量、高性能、高可靠性的加工設(shè)備和裝置。與高速切削加工設(shè)備和裝置相關(guān)的新技術(shù)包括：機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、主軸結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、坐標(biāo)軸驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)、導(dǎo)軌設(shè)計(jì)、刀具材料研究、刀具夾持裝置、冷卻處理技術(shù)、精密位置測(cè)量技術(shù)、排屑技術(shù)以及能適應(yīng)于高速切削加工設(shè)備控制的CNC控制系統(tǒng)及軟件等。因此我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)銑削刀具十分必要。

關(guān)鍵詞：旋風(fēng)銑削、螺桿

Abstract

    The Graduation is outside the cam tornado the shaping lathe design. This topic main processing object for plastic transportation screw rod.  

    At present mainly uses the turning and the grinding to the screw rod commonly used processing method. The lathe work precision is bad, although the abrasive machining the working accuracy is high, but regarding led greatly or the length long screw rod, because the grinding by the machined surface was the grinding wheel centerline relative screw rod spool thread deflection corresponding angle of spiral, the screw rod will achieve certain length, the grinding wheel link will bump into is processed the work piece. Therefore, the screw rod may process the length the screw rod lead angle limit, even if similarly the lead angle is not big, when the screw rod length achieves certain value, is also unable to its abrasive machining to complete. 

    Obviously, will be quite obviously difficult with the traditional processing method. Therefore we use the tornado milling the processing method. Outside the tornado the milling processing method well has solved the screw rod problem which processes with difficulty with the tradition processing method, it may eliminate the cutting tool cutting to the spiral flute contour influence, enhances greatly is processed screw rod's precision, and the processing efficiency is high.  

    Applies along with the tornado milling engine bed's in machine-building industry success and promotes, German Leistrite Corporation has promoted in recent years the high speed hardware box thread tornado milling engine bed, as soon as changes traditional the processing principle, the cutter bar does not use the deflection, but with nut spool thread parallel, and causes the forming tool cutting face and the thread normal section superposition, the milling leaves the thread roller conveyer truncation is consistent with formed cutter's truncation. In order to improve the efficiency of CNC machining,At present, many foreign aircraft engine factory plant and high-speed machining has been used to make aviation parts and components. Aluminum alloy parts, such as long, thin web parts, molds, titanium parts. We are referring to high-speed processing of high-speed spindle, high speed feed and advanced control software. At present, foreign high-speed machining in addition to the technology aspects of study, High-speed cutting and processing equipment and installations related to new technologies include: improvements in machine tool structures, spindle structure improvements axis drive technology, guide the design, tool material, tool clamping devices, cooling technology, precision position measurement technology, Chip technology and to adapt to high-speed cutting CNC-controlled processing equipment control system and software. Therefore, we designed milling cutter is necessary.

   Keywords：tornado milling、screw rod

目    錄

中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract …………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

第一章  緒論 ……………………………………………………………………1

1.1   本課題分析 ……………………………………………………………1

1.2   旋風(fēng)銑削的原理 ………………………………………………………2

1.3   旋風(fēng)銑削國(guó)內(nèi)外狀況 …………………………………………………4

第二章  油馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)銑削頭總體設(shè)計(jì)  ……………………………………5 

2.1   旋風(fēng)銑工件成型原理 …………………………………………………5

2.2   方案一  內(nèi)旋風(fēng)銑 ……………………………………………………6

2.3   方案二  外旋風(fēng)銑 ……………………………………………………7

2.4   最終方案 ………………………………………………………………8                                  

第三章   設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 …………………………………………………………8

3.1   結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………………8

3.2   旋風(fēng)銑削運(yùn)動(dòng)的矢量建模 ……………………………………………16

3.3   液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)   ……………………………………………………20                                            

結(jié)論  ………………………………………………………………………………26

致謝  ………………………………………………………………………………27

參考文獻(xiàn) …………………………………………………………………………28