亞臨界壓力鍋爐的研究

①頁數(shù) 39
②字數(shù) 30927
③摘要
與發(fā)達國家相比，我國電力工業(yè)的起步較晚。解放前，我國還沒有自己的鍋爐制造業(yè)；解放后，我國先后在哈爾濱、上海、四川、北京、武漢等地建立了鍋爐生產(chǎn)基地。50年代后期設(shè)計并制造了與50MW汽輪發(fā)電機組配套的容量為230t/h的鍋爐。六七十年代，我國的電力工業(yè)有了較快的發(fā)展，到七十年代末，已先后設(shè)計和制造了與125、200、300MW汽輪發(fā)電機組配套的容量為400、670、1000t/h高壓、超高壓和亞臨界壓力的鍋爐[1] [2] [3]。80年代中期，我國先后引進了與300、600MW汽輪發(fā)電機組配套的1025、2008t/h的亞臨界壓力鍋爐。現(xiàn)在，我國已有能力自行設(shè)計并制造與600MW汽輪發(fā)電機組配套的2000t/h級的超臨界兩次中間再熱的電站鍋爐，現(xiàn)在，我國已有大量亞臨界大型鍋爐機組的制造和運行經(jīng)驗，但與世界先進機組相比還有一定差距，應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快進行改造，縮短這些差距。
為進一步降低每千瓦的設(shè)備投資、金屬消耗、運行管理費用，提高機組運行的經(jīng)濟性和安全性，高參數(shù)、大容量、高自動控制技術(shù)的大型電站鍋爐及低污染燃燒技術(shù)已成為當(dāng)今電站鍋爐的發(fā)展趨勢。故對這些問題進行研究，針對它們所存在的問題，對其相應(yīng)地進行改造并提出一些先進的技術(shù)方案，從而減輕故障的嚴重程度，減少鍋爐的事故率，提高鍋爐的可用率和運行效率，為今后亞臨界壓力鍋爐的設(shè)計和運行提供一些借鑒經(jīng)驗。
本文的出發(fā)點是亞臨界鍋爐的技術(shù)研究，通過闡述亞臨界參數(shù)下自然循環(huán)和控制循環(huán)的水動力特性，介紹亞臨界與超臨界鍋爐的主要技術(shù)特點，對亞臨界鍋爐和超臨界鍋爐的運行可靠性、熱經(jīng)濟性及主要系統(tǒng)等方面作了詳細的比較，從而得出了亞臨界鍋爐對我國電力工業(yè)的發(fā)展的重要意義。
Compared with developed countries, China's power industry started relatively late. Before the liberation, China has not yet own a boiler manufacturing; After the liberation, China has in Harbin, Shanghai, Sichuan, Beijing, Wuhan and other places set up production base in the boiler. Designed and built the late 50s with the supporting capacity of 50MW turbine-generator unit for 230t / h boilers. The sixties and seventies, China's power industry has been rapid development, to the late seventies, had already designed and manufactured with the 125,200,300 MW turbo-generator capacity of supporting 400,670,1000 t / h high-pressure , ultra-high pressure and sub-critical pressure boilers. The mid-80s, China has imported 300,600 MW turbine-generator unit with the matching 1025,2008 t / h of the sub-critical pressure boilers. At present, China has the ability to design and manufacture and 600MW turbine-generator unit supporting 2000t / h level between the two re-supercritical thermal power plant boiler, and now, China has a large number of sub-critical large boiler unit manufacturing and operational experience However, with the world still lags far behind the advanced units, it should be modified as soon as possible, reduce these gaps.
To further reduce the equipment investment per kilowatt, metal consumption, operation and management costs, improve plant operation and safety of the economy, high-parameter, large-capacity, high-automation technology, large-scale power station boilers and clean combustion technology has become the power plant boiler trends. Therefore, research on these issues for their problems, their corresponding transformed and made a number of advanced technical solutions, thus reducing the severity of failure to reduce the accident rate of the boiler, the boiler can be used to improve rate and efficiency, sub-critical pressure boilers for the future design and operation to provide some benefit from the experience.
This starting point is sub-critical boiler technology research, through the elaborate sub-critical parameters and control of natural circulation loop dynamic characteristics of the water to introduce the sub-critical and super critical boilers in the main technical characteristics of the sub-critical boilers and super-critical boiler and reliable sex, hot economy and major systems, has done a detailed comparison, to arrive at the sub-critical boilers for the development of China's power industry importance.

④目錄
1 亞臨界壓力鍋爐的分類及特點 1
1.1 亞臨界壓力自然循環(huán)鍋爐的研究 1
1.1.1 自然循環(huán)鍋爐的循環(huán)特性 1
1.1.2 自然循環(huán)鍋爐的特點 2
1.2 亞臨界壓力控制循環(huán)鍋爐的研究 2
1.2.1 控制循環(huán)鍋爐的水動力特性 2
1.2.2 控制循環(huán)鍋爐的特點 3
1.3 亞臨界壓力直流鍋爐 4
2 亞臨界與超臨界鍋爐的比較 4
2.1 亞臨界與超臨界壓力鍋爐蒸汽參數(shù)與爐型的比較 4
2.2 亞臨界與超臨界壓力鍋爐可靠性與經(jīng)濟性的比較 5
2.2.1 可靠性比較 5
2.2.2 經(jīng)濟性比較 5
2.3 鍋爐本體與主要系統(tǒng)的比較 5
2.3.1 水冷系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別 5
2.3.2 啟動過程的差異 6
2.3.3 汽機旁路系統(tǒng)的不同 6
3 亞臨界壓力鍋爐過熱器與再熱器的分析 6
3.1 過熱器和再熱器的作用及工作特點 6
3.2 過熱器、再熱器的介紹 7
3.2.1 過熱器和再熱器的型式 7
3.2.2 過熱器和再熱器的汽溫特性 8
3.3.1 過熱器和再熱器超溫的直接原因 8
3.3.2 過熱器和再熱器超溫爆管的根本原因 10
3.4 預(yù)防過熱器和再熱器超溫爆管的措施 11
4 亞臨界壓力鍋爐水冷壁的研究 12
4.1 水冷壁的作用與工作特點 12
4.2 水冷壁高溫腐蝕原因分析 13
4.2.1 水冷壁水汽側(cè)高溫腐蝕的機理 13
4.2.2 水冷壁煙氣側(cè)高溫腐蝕的機理 14
4.3 影響高溫..