液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)



目    錄

I

摘要········································································

II

Abstract···································································

1 緒論 1

1.1 選題意義 1

1.2 挖掘機(jī)及其液壓技術(shù)概述 1

1.3 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2

1.4 挖掘機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢 3

2 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)概述 5

2.1 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的基本組成及其基本要求 5

2.2 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的基本動(dòng)作分析 6

2.3 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的基本回路分析 6

2.3.1 限壓回路 6

2.3.2  緩沖回路 7

2.3.3 節(jié)流回路 8

2.3.4 行走限速回路 9

2.3.5  合流回路 11

2.3.6  閉鎖回路 12

2.3.7 再生回路 12

3 整機(jī)參數(shù) 13

3.1 尺寸參數(shù)的選擇······················································13

4 工作裝置的設(shè)計(jì)···························································14

4.1 動(dòng)臂機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)選擇····················································14

4.2 斗桿機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)選擇····················································15

4.3 鏟斗機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)選擇····················································16

4.4 挖掘范圍····························································18

5 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 19

5.1 挖掘機(jī)的功用和對液壓系統(tǒng)的要求 19

5.2 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖 20

5.3 系統(tǒng)分析 20

5.4 元件的選擇及其元件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算········································22 

        5.4.1泵的選擇······················································22

        5.4.2液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì)及其計(jì)算··········································22

            1 斗桿液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì)·············································22

            2 鏟斗液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì)·············································30

            3 各液壓缸的參數(shù)···············································34

        5.4.3 回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)的計(jì)算及選型·········································36

        5.4.4 行走馬達(dá)的選擇···············································37

        5.4.5 油箱容積計(jì)算·················································37

        5.4.6 油管尺寸計(jì)算·················································37

        5.4.7 管接頭的選擇·················································38

        5.4.8 閥類元件的選擇···············································38

6 熱平衡驗(yàn)算·······························································39

7 結(jié)論 42

參考文獻(xiàn) 43

致謝 44

摘要

單斗挖掘機(jī)是一種重要的工程機(jī)械，廣泛應(yīng)用于房屋建筑、筑路工程、水利建設(shè)、農(nóng)林開發(fā)、港口建設(shè)、國防工事等的土石方施工和礦山采掘工業(yè)中，對減輕繁重的體力勞動(dòng)、保證工程質(zhì)量、加快建設(shè)速度、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率起著十分巨大的作用。隨著國家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，單斗挖掘機(jī)的需求量將逐年大幅度增長，其在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的作用將越來越顯著。

   近年來，有關(guān)挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)方面的文獻(xiàn)并不少見，但文獻(xiàn)的內(nèi)容大多針對某一專題進(jìn)行研究，系統(tǒng)地論述現(xiàn)代液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的論文卻較少，因此研究和設(shè)計(jì)液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論意義。

本論文主要概述挖掘機(jī)液壓技術(shù)的發(fā)展史及其目前在國內(nèi)的外發(fā)展情況，簡述了液壓挖掘機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢，本文對液壓挖掘機(jī)的常用液壓回路進(jìn)行了簡單闡述和分析，對課題要求設(shè)計(jì)的液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了方案設(shè)計(jì)及分析，并通過進(jìn)一步計(jì)算確定了需要的液壓元件完成選型。運(yùn)用AutoCAD繪制液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖、液壓布置圖。最后通過驗(yàn)算證明了本設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。

關(guān)鍵詞：單斗挖掘機(jī)，液壓系統(tǒng)，液壓布置圖。

 Hydraulic Excavator Hydraulic System of Design

Abstract

. Single dou excavator is a kind of important engineering machinery, widely used in building, road engineering, water conservancy construction, forestry development, port construction, national defense construction and the conditions of fortifications mining extraction industries, to reduce heavy manual labor, ensuring the quality of projects and accelerate the construction speed and improve labor productivity plays an enormous role. With the continuous development of national economic construction, dou excavator demand will greatly increase year by year, its role in national economic construction will become more and more prominent.

In recent years, the excavator hydraulic systems, the literature is not uncommon, but most of

the content documents of a topic for research, systematic exposition of modern hydraulic excavator hydraulic system of the paper is less, so the research and design of hydraulic excavator

system has important practical and theoretical significance.

Hydraulic excavator of this thesis outlines the history of technology and its current developments in the foreign country, outlines the development trend of hydraulic excavators, hydraulic excavators used this hydraulic circuit for a simple set and analysis, subject to design  hydraulic excavator hydraulic system design and analysis, and by further calculation to determine the need for complete selection of hydraulic components. AutoCAD drawing using hydraulic system diagram,  hydraulic layout, . Finally, tests prove the feasibility of this design.

Keywords： Single dou excavator，the excavator hydraulic systems ，hydraulic layout。