ê?1¤??3?°2è?,?°òμ°2è?ía??·-ò?

ó￠??+?D??

?D??ò???￡o11500×?
ê?1¤??3?μ?°2è???é?
T. Michael Toole, P.E., M.ASCE
?a òa

ò?·Y??éè??1¤3ìê|?￠×@@D°üéìoí·?°üéìμ?μ÷2é±í?÷??3?°2è??eè?μ?μ×óé?-3Dμ￡??óDí3ò?μ?òa???￡2￠????3?°2è?×÷ó???DDá?ì???￡?1?óú?é?üμ??aêíè±·|ò???μ?òa???￡óDè??¨òé￡???ì?μ???3?°2è??eè????ú?′à′μ??????ù?Y?÷×éμ?·????????üá|Dèòa·???￡?ò?·à?1òy?e?¨?tê?1ê°??ù?′òò???￡

CEêy?Y?a1??ü′ê￡o?¨?tòμ;?°òμ°2è?;ê?1¤??3?ê?1ê
?ééü
??è??°òμ°2è?ó????μ·¨°?í¨1y30???ê￡?μ?2?ó?1¤μ?°2è??¨éè????μ?×÷ó????′3?°￡???¨?￡?aóè??ó-o??¨?tê|oí1¤3ìê|?￡ò???ê?1¤??3?°2è?μ?í?3???±?￡?Levitt oí Samelson é??á????óDìá?°??é??￡è???￡??ú×??ü???ê￡?òμ?úרòμè?ê?ò??±?ú1?×￠???????a???èμ?????oí?°òμ°2è????μ1üàí??OSHA ￡?2????DA / ESê?1ê?eè?óé1¤×÷?ú??3?μ??¨?t1¤è?3Dμ￡?￡×??üê?í?DT??íá??1¤3ìê|μ??à1úé??áê?1¤??3?°2è?ASCE ?t2?éù?÷±íê???óD????3?°2è??°?e·??§?ú×÷ASCED-òé?￡
±???μ???μ?ê?°??ú3????ú??3?°2è?éè??oíê?1¤μ?רòμè?ê?μ???é??￡±???ê×?è3ê??á???3?°2è?μ?ò?·Yμ÷2é￡?±í?÷A /Es?￠×@@D°üéìGCoí·?°üéì????3?°2è?μ?μ×?-?o?e??óDí3ò?μ?òa???￡è?oó￡????aê2?′1?óú??3?°2è??eè???óDí3ò?μ?òa???¨á￠?§?μ￡?2￠ìá3??¨?tê?1êμ?òò1??￡Dí?￡×?oó￡??ùóúêμì?·à?1?¨?tê?1ê?üá|óD?T????3?°2è??eè?ò2óD?T￡??a??·????éò??ú??3?°2è???é?é??¨á￠ò???1???êμ?êμ??ù???￡
á?ò×?1±¤￡??úàí?ìêú￡?íá??ó??·?31¤3ì?μ￡?°í???ú??′ó?§￡?PA 17837




ó￠???-??￡o42000×?·?

Construction Site Safety Roles
T. Michael Toole, P.E., M.ASCE1
Abstract:A survey of design engineers, general contractors, and subcontractors indicates there is not uniform agreement on the site safety responsibilities that should be assumed by each of these groups. Possible explanations for this lack of shared expectations regarding site safety roles are discussed. It is suggested that specific site safety responsibilities be assigned on future projects based on each group?ˉs ability to control the factors needed to prevent eight root causes of construction accidents.
DOI: 10.1061/~ASCE!0733-9364~2002!128:3~203!
CE Database keywords: Construction industry; Occupational safety; Construction site accidents.
Introduction
Although the Occupational Safety and Health Act was passed 30 years ago, the respective roles of the various parties involved in construction projects for site safety are far from settled. This is particularly true for architects and engineers ~A/Es!, i.e., design professionals. One of the salient texts on construction site safety ~Levitt and Samelson 1987! does not even mention the role of the A/Es. Yet in recent years, industry professionals have been following several high-profile lawsuits and Occupational Safety and Health Administration ~OSHA! rulings in which A/Es have been held responsible for accidents suffered on the job site by construction workers ~Lunch 1995, 1997; Smith 1998; ????Court?ˉ?ˉ 1999; Korman et al. 1999; Loulakis and Santiago 2000!. Recent attempts to modify the American Society of Civil Engineers ~ASCE! Policy Statement 350 on construction site safety indicate there is not agreement within ASCE on the members?ˉ site safety responsibilities ~Toole and Gambatese 2002!.