嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)核研究
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摘要
嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)是嵌入式系統(tǒng)的核心部分，是系統(tǒng)功能的外在表現(xiàn)，它控制著整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的所有資源并提供開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的基礎(chǔ)。由于Linux操作系統(tǒng)所具有的若干優(yōu)良特點(diǎn)，例如，源代碼免費(fèi)、內(nèi)核穩(wěn)定高效，使得基于Linux來(lái)研究嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)成為一種廉價(jià)、高效率、市場(chǎng)前景廣闊的研究策略。
Linux的內(nèi)核資源豐富，功能完善，工作穩(wěn)定。本文首先介紹了虛擬文件系統(tǒng)模塊、進(jìn)程通信模塊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口模塊的工作原理。在對(duì)其組成模塊深入的分析基礎(chǔ)上，著重剖析了內(nèi)核的內(nèi)存管理模塊和進(jìn)程管理模塊。然后通過(guò)研究Linux進(jìn)程調(diào)度算法實(shí)時(shí)性問(wèn)題，提出了一種基于動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)的進(jìn)程調(diào)度的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案。該算法提出了一種動(dòng)態(tài)的優(yōu)先級(jí)的思想，可以根據(jù)進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)來(lái)改變進(jìn)程的優(yōu)先級(jí)，能夠較好的適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性要求。設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了該算法，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M，表明其具有良好的性能。最后進(jìn)一步介紹了Linux內(nèi)核編譯，升級(jí)和移植的方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)，Linux內(nèi)核，進(jìn)程

Research on the Kernel of Embedded Operating System
Abstract
Embedded operating system is the key part of embedded system and the outer representation of system functions. It controls all the resources of the whole system and provides the foundation for exploiting and applying programs. Linux operating system possesses a variety of good characteristics: for example, the formal code is free and the kernel of it is steady and highly effective. These advantages make the research on embedded operating system, which is based on Linux, a research strategy that is highly effective and of broad market prospects.
Linux kernel is rich in resources, functions and stable when it works. This paper introduces the work principles of the Virtual File System module, the process of communication module and the network interface module. In its in-depth modules based on the analysis, it focuses on an analysis of the kernel memory management module and process management module. Through doing researching on the process of Linux for real-time scheduling algorithm, this paper presents a dynamic priority based on the process of realization of program scheduling. The algorithm presents a dynamic priority of thinking, which can change the process priority according to the state of the process and better adapt the real-time requirements. This algorithm has strong advantages in improving the real-time system. This paper designs and implements the algorithm and the simulation test confirms its good performances. Finally, this paper introduces the compiling, upgrading and transplanting methods on the Linux kernel.

Key words: embedded operating system, Linux kernel, process
目錄
1.緒論 1
1.1課題來(lái)源及研究意義 1
1.2 Linux特性簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.3研究發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 3
1.4本文結(jié)構(gòu) 3
2. Linux內(nèi)核體系結(jié)構(gòu) 4
2.1內(nèi)核結(jié)構(gòu)概述 4
2.2內(nèi)存管理模塊 6
2.2.1虛擬內(nèi)存 6
2.2.2請(qǐng)求調(diào)頁(yè) 7
2.2.3交換 8
2.2.4共享虛擬內(nèi)存 9
2.2.5訪問(wèn)控制 9
2.3進(jìn)程管理 9
2.3.1 Linux進(jìn)程數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 10
2.3.2進(jìn)程調(diào)度與切換 11
2.4虛擬文件系統(tǒng) 15
2.4.1組成模塊 15
2.4.2數(shù)據(jù)表示 16
2.5網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口 16
2.5.1組成模塊 16
2.5.2數(shù)據(jù)表示 16
2.6進(jìn)程間通信 16
3.嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程調(diào)度的改造 18
3.1算法提出 18
3.2一般嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程調(diào)度 18
3.2.1 FCFS進(jìn)程調(diào)度算法 18
3.2.2靜態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)調(diào)度算法 18
3.2.3兩種算法存在的缺陷 19
3.3動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)調(diào)度算法 20
3.3.1動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)先級(jí)基本法則 20
3.3.2算法的模擬與實(shí)現(xiàn) 20
3.3.3程序結(jié)果 28
3.4結(jié)論 28
4. Linux內(nèi)核的編譯與移植 29
4.1配置內(nèi)核 29
4.2編譯內(nèi)核和模塊 30
4.3內(nèi)核移植 31
總結(jié) 33
致謝 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35


參考文獻(xiàn)
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