《老人與?！废笳髦髁x探究.doc
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《老人與海》象征主義探究,the inquiry of the symbolism in the old man and the seacontentsabstractⅠkey words.........Ⅰ摘要.....................Ⅱ關鍵詞.Ⅱintroduction...................
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《老人與?！废笳髦髁x探究
The Inquiry of the Symbolism in The Old Man and the Sea
Contents
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Key Words……………………………………………………………………….........Ⅰ
摘要………….…………………………………………………………....................Ⅱ
關鍵詞…………………………………………………………………………….…Ⅱ
Introduction…………………………………………………………………................1
Ⅰ.Introduction to the Background…………………………………….......................2
Ⅱ. The Symbolism in the Works………………………………………....................3
A. The Definition of Symbolism…………………………………………...…..........3
B. Major Symbols in The Old Man and the sea……………………......................4
1. The Old Man—the Best Expression to “the Unyielding Character” ……..........4
2. The Boy—the Best Supplement for “the Unyielding Character”…………….6
3. The Sea—the Symbol of Hemingway’s Survival Environment……..................7
4. The Shark—A Powerful Deputy of the Evil Force………………....................9
5. The Marlin—the Symbol of Achievement……………...........................……10
6. Other Symbolical Factors…………………………………………..................11
III. Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life Reflected by the Symbols in The Old Man and the Sea……………………………………………………………………………......12
A. Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life in The Old Man and the Sea………………...12
B. Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Society Reflected through the Symbol of the
Sea. …………………………………………………………………………………13
C. Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Enemy Reflected through the Symbol of the Shark..……………………………………………………………………………...13
D. Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Achievements Reflected through the Symbol of the Marline………………………………………………………………………...14
Conclusion…………………………………………………………….........................15
Acknowledgements………………………………………………….........................16
Notes………………………………………………………………………..................17
Bibliography………………………………………………………………..................18
Abstract
The Old Man and the Sea, praised by a famous writer as “the most excellent simple article in this generation”, is a masterpiece of the unyielding man—Hemingway. But with regard to the symbolism, it has been talked differently, and was equivocal in the explanation by Hemingway himself. The Protagonist, the living environment, the sea, the Shark, the Marlin are not themselves but have significant symbolical meaning. Here the author will analyze its symbolism thoroughly through some aspects such as the leading character，the living environment and Hemingway’s philosophy of life reflected by the symbols, with a view to help the reader get a better understanding of Ernest Hemingway's masterpiece．
Key Words
Ernest Hemingway; the symbolic factors; iceberg theory; the living environment； philosophy of life
Bibliography
[1] Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story [M]. New York: Scribner, 1969.
[2] Berman, Ronald. Fitzgerald-Wilson-Hemingway :Language and Experi-ence[M]. Tuscalo-osa: University of Alabama Press, 2003.
[3] High, Peter B. An Outline of American Literature[M]. London: Longman, 1986.
[4] Rossetti, Gina M.. Imagining the Primitive in Naturalist and Modernist Lliterature[M]. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.
[5] Schopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Representation[M].Dover: Dover Pubns, 1969.
[6] Ernest Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea [M]. Shang hai Yi Wen Press,2003.
[7] Vernon, Alex. Soldiers once and still: Ernest Hemingway [M].Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004.
[8] Wylder, Delbert E. Hemingway’ heroes[M]. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 1969.
[9] 常耀信.美國文學簡史（第二版）[M].天津：南開大學出版社,2003年.
[10] 刁邵華.海明威[M].遼寧人民出版社，1980年.
[11] 杜雋. 海明威與存在主義[J]. 外國文學研究, 2000(4): 71-76.
The Inquiry of the Symbolism in The Old Man and the Sea
Contents
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Key Words……………………………………………………………………….........Ⅰ
摘要………….…………………………………………………………....................Ⅱ
關鍵詞…………………………………………………………………………….…Ⅱ
Introduction…………………………………………………………………................1
Ⅰ.Introduction to the Background…………………………………….......................2
Ⅱ. The Symbolism in the Works………………………………………....................3
A. The Definition of Symbolism…………………………………………...…..........3
B. Major Symbols in The Old Man and the sea……………………......................4
1. The Old Man—the Best Expression to “the Unyielding Character” ……..........4
2. The Boy—the Best Supplement for “the Unyielding Character”…………….6
3. The Sea—the Symbol of Hemingway’s Survival Environment……..................7
4. The Shark—A Powerful Deputy of the Evil Force………………....................9
5. The Marlin—the Symbol of Achievement……………...........................……10
6. Other Symbolical Factors…………………………………………..................11
III. Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life Reflected by the Symbols in The Old Man and the Sea……………………………………………………………………………......12
A. Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life in The Old Man and the Sea………………...12
B. Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Society Reflected through the Symbol of the
Sea. …………………………………………………………………………………13
C. Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Enemy Reflected through the Symbol of the Shark..……………………………………………………………………………...13
D. Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Achievements Reflected through the Symbol of the Marline………………………………………………………………………...14
Conclusion…………………………………………………………….........................15
Acknowledgements………………………………………………….........................16
Notes………………………………………………………………………..................17
Bibliography………………………………………………………………..................18
Abstract
The Old Man and the Sea, praised by a famous writer as “the most excellent simple article in this generation”, is a masterpiece of the unyielding man—Hemingway. But with regard to the symbolism, it has been talked differently, and was equivocal in the explanation by Hemingway himself. The Protagonist, the living environment, the sea, the Shark, the Marlin are not themselves but have significant symbolical meaning. Here the author will analyze its symbolism thoroughly through some aspects such as the leading character，the living environment and Hemingway’s philosophy of life reflected by the symbols, with a view to help the reader get a better understanding of Ernest Hemingway's masterpiece．
Key Words
Ernest Hemingway; the symbolic factors; iceberg theory; the living environment； philosophy of life
Bibliography
[1] Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story [M]. New York: Scribner, 1969.
[2] Berman, Ronald. Fitzgerald-Wilson-Hemingway :Language and Experi-ence[M]. Tuscalo-osa: University of Alabama Press, 2003.
[3] High, Peter B. An Outline of American Literature[M]. London: Longman, 1986.
[4] Rossetti, Gina M.. Imagining the Primitive in Naturalist and Modernist Lliterature[M]. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.
[5] Schopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Representation[M].Dover: Dover Pubns, 1969.
[6] Ernest Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea [M]. Shang hai Yi Wen Press,2003.
[7] Vernon, Alex. Soldiers once and still: Ernest Hemingway [M].Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004.
[8] Wylder, Delbert E. Hemingway’ heroes[M]. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 1969.
[9] 常耀信.美國文學簡史（第二版）[M].天津：南開大學出版社,2003年.
[10] 刁邵華.海明威[M].遼寧人民出版社，1980年.
[11] 杜雋. 海明威與存在主義[J]. 外國文學研究, 2000(4): 71-76.
