城市道路交通信息采集方法研究

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摘要 由交通信息在智能交通中的重要性可知，交通信息采集是必不可少的。交通信息采集是ITS中重要環(huán)節(jié)之一，無論對交通規(guī)劃、路網建設、交通管理、還是對智能交通系統(tǒng)功能的實現(xiàn)都非常重要，它為交通管理、交通控制與預測、交通引導、交通指揮及交通信息服務等提供信息源和基礎。如何及時準確地采集交通系統(tǒng)的各類信息并對其進行處理分析以及決策發(fā)布，對實現(xiàn)路網高效、便捷、安全具有重要意義。
本文首先從交通信息與智能交通系統(tǒng)的關系著手簡述智能交通系統(tǒng)，包括其背景及組成部分，得出結論即交通信息是智能交通的核心要素，而信息的采集、處理、傳輸、融合和服務利用是智能交通的核心。其次闡述國內外交通信息采集的現(xiàn)狀，確定了信息采集在城市道路智能化管理中的關鍵性地位以及信息采集的必要性。再次對目前國內的采集方法作了明確分類，詳細闡述了各類交通信息采集方法的采集原理、特點及其適用條件，以及所采集信息的類別。最后，在理論研究的基礎上，對國內發(fā)達城市在交通信息采集方面的成功案例進行分析，進而為鎮(zhèn)江市交通信息采集技術的應用提出改進建議。

關鍵詞：城市道路，智能交通，交通信息采集技術

Research on city road traffic information collection
Abstract The importance of traffic information in the intelligent transportation shows that traffic information collection is essential.Traffic information collection is an important part of ITS.It is important for transport planning,road network construction,traffic management and the realization of intelligent transportation system functions .It provides information source and basis for traffic management,traffic control and prediction,traffic guidance,traffic control and traffic information services.Collecting all kinds information of transport system and processing analysis and releasing decision in a time and accurately is important for achieving efficient,convenient and safe road network.
Firstly, starting from the relationship between traffic information and intelligent transportation systems outline intelligent transportation systems,including it background and part.concluding that traffic information is a core element of the intelligent transportation.The information collection, processing,transmission,integration and service is the core of intelligent transportation.The second section describes the present situation of traffic information collection.It determines the critical status of information collection in urban road intelligent management and the necessity of information collection.Then the article classifies clearly on the current domestic collection methods and elaborates the principle,characteristics and application conditions of collecting all kinds of methods on traffic information collection,including the type of information collected.Finally, on the basis of theoretical research, the article analyzes the success stories of developed cities in the domestic on collecting traffic information,and then makes some recommendations for improving the application of Zhenjiang City on traffic information collection technology.
Key words Urban roads，Intelligent Transportation，Traffic information collection technology


目錄
第一章 智能交通系統(tǒng)··············································1
1.1 智能交通系統(tǒng)概述············································1
1.2 交通信息在智能交通系統(tǒng)中的地位······························3
1.3 論文研究結構················································5
第二章 交通信息采集技術發(fā)展概況···························6
2.1 交通信息分類················································6
2.2 國內外交通信息采集技術發(fā)展概況······························6
2.2.1 國外交通信息采集技術發(fā)展概況··························6
2.2.2 我國交通信息采集技術發(fā)展概況··························7
2.3 交通信息采集技術的研究內容與意義···························9
第三章 主要信息采集技術········································10
3.1 固定型采集技術·············································10
3.1.1 磁頻采集技術·········································10
3.1.2 波頻采集技術·········································12
3.1.3 視頻采集技術·········································15
3.2 移動型采集術···············································15
3.2.1 基于GPS的動態(tài)交通數(shù)據(jù)采集技術·······················16
3.2.2 基于電子標簽的動態(tài)交通數(shù)據(jù)采集..