果樹打孔施肥機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計

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摘 要
果樹施肥是果樹生產(chǎn)中關(guān)鍵作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)，施肥質(zhì)量直接影響果樹養(yǎng)分的吸收狀況，合理施肥能使果樹獲得良好的生長條件。在果樹施肥方面，我國果樹施肥機(jī)械化水平很低，因此，若能夠一次完成挖坑、施肥、覆土工作，不僅工效高，而且能夠大大減輕果農(nóng)的勞動強(qiáng)度，顯著提高果樹的產(chǎn)量。
本文通過對國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的施肥作業(yè)機(jī)的調(diào)查，提出作者在此方向的構(gòu)想。參考現(xiàn)有的機(jī)械的外觀設(shè)計，考慮山地果園的特殊地形，提出自己的一種果園施肥作業(yè)機(jī)方案。此方案在分析結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)動理論的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計出了一臺能夠一次完成挖坑、施肥、覆土三種功能的果園打孔施肥機(jī)。該機(jī)器主要由挖坑覆土裝置、施肥裝置、傳動系統(tǒng)、機(jī)架等組成。柴油機(jī)經(jīng)過蝸輪蝸桿減速器減速后驅(qū)動鉆頭旋轉(zhuǎn)挖坑，施肥結(jié)束后覆土裝置將土壤填坑。通過計算結(jié)果表明，挖坑直徑為50～200mm，深度為300mm內(nèi)可調(diào)，施肥量在100～1000g之間可調(diào)，能夠滿足果樹定量施肥要求。
本設(shè)計具有以往普通挖坑施肥機(jī)不具有的多個優(yōu)點，不僅完善了其在施肥上的不足，而且實現(xiàn)了農(nóng)業(yè)的高效化，提高了機(jī)械的自動化程度，節(jié)省了人力資源。這種果園挖坑施肥機(jī)也可用于其他園林、田間作物的施肥，一機(jī)多用，具有良好的社會效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，值得大力推廣。
關(guān)鍵詞：果樹 挖坑覆土裝置 定量施肥


A Design Of a Machine for Digging and Quantitative Fertilizing And The Project Of soil
Abstract
Fertifization is the key link in the production operation of Fruit trees,and the quality directly affected the asorption of nutrients.The reasonable application can make fruit trees to get good growth conditions,which influences the yield of fruit trees.In fertilization of fruit trees, fruit trees in China fertilizer mechanization level is very low.Therefore, if we can once finish digging, fertilization, soil, walking to work, not only has the advantages of high efficiency, but also can greatly reduce the labor intensity of farmers, increase fruit yield.
The article through the domestic and foreign existing fertilizer machine survey development,establish the direction of thinking.Reference to the existing mechanical design,considering the special topography in Mountainous Orchard,put forward a orchard fetilization machine scheme.This programme in the analysis of the structure,based on the
kinetic analysis,design one can complete a digging,fetilization,backfilling soil,walking four function of the orchard and working machine. Quantitative fertilization machinery mainly consists of digging and backfilling soil device,fertifization device,transmission device system etc.Drill is powered by gasoline engine to dig pits,soil collector collects the thrown soil and backfill the soil to realize the purpose of casing soil.Acccording to calculating,the diameter of pits is 50～200 millimeters,the adjustable depth within 300 millimeters,the adjustable quantity is between 100～1000 grams,which can meet the need of quantitative fertilization for fruit trees.
This design has the previous general fertilizer machine does not have many advantages,not only improve the fertilization of inadequacy,realized agricultural efficiency ,but also improve the mechanical automation,saving manpower resources.This orchard machine can also be used for other garden,field crop fertilization,the use of a machine,and has good social benefit and economic benefic.Therefore,it is promoted becauseof this further advantage.

Keywords：Fruit Trees Trench and Backfill soil Excavator Quantitative fertilization

目 錄
1.引言 2
1.1研究背景 2
1.1.1國內(nèi)果樹施肥裝置的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.1.2國內(nèi)挖坑裝置的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.1.3 國外果樹施肥裝置的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2 研究內(nèi)容及意義 2
1.2.1 課題來源 2
1.2.2 研究內(nèi)容 2
1.2.3 研究目的及意義 2
1.3 技術(shù)路線 2
2. 總體方案的設(shè)計 2
2.1 主要工作參數(shù) 2
2.2 總機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理 2
3. 打孔覆土裝置的設(shè)計 2
3.1 打孔理論分析 2
3.1.1 土壤質(zhì)點的運(yùn)動規(guī)律分析 2
3.1.2 鉆頭升運(yùn)土壤條件 2
3.1.3土流運(yùn)動規(guī)律與鉆頭不堵塞的條件 2
3.2 鉆頭的設(shè)計 2
3.3 鉆頭傳動轉(zhuǎn)矩的計算 2
3.4 覆土裝置的設(shè)計 2
3.4.1方案一 2
3.4.2方案二 2
3.4.3方案三 2
4.其他裝置的選取設(shè)計 2
4.1 絲桿傳動的選取 2
4.2 花鍵軸的選取 2
4.3 窺視孔與通氣器的設(shè)計 2
4.4 施肥車前、后輪的選取 2
5. 總結(jié)與展望 2
5.1 總結(jié) 2
5.2 展望 2
致 謝 2
參考文獻(xiàn) 2
附錄A：開題報告 2
附錄B：外文翻譯 2