基于通信系統(tǒng)的信號(hào)源設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要 信號(hào)源是通信設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)試和維護(hù)中不可缺少的儀器，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)源的設(shè)計(jì)有很多方案，本設(shè)計(jì)采用硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、體積小、使用方便及實(shí)用性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。本文對(duì)于信號(hào)源的研究主要在于對(duì)基本信號(hào)的研究，其中包括常用的基本信號(hào)中的正弦信號(hào)、脈沖信號(hào)、三角波信號(hào)和時(shí)鐘信號(hào)，還包括通信系統(tǒng)中常用的DTMF信號(hào)和CMI碼，也包括了模擬調(diào)制信號(hào)以及數(shù)字調(diào)制信號(hào)。
在常用基本信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生中，本文先用RC橋式振蕩器產(chǎn)生可調(diào)的正弦波；得到正弦波后，讓其經(jīng)過一個(gè)遲滯型電壓比較器，得到可調(diào)的方波；最后將輸出的方波通過積分器，即可到三角波信號(hào)。時(shí)鐘信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生是通過分頻器來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，將4.096MHz的時(shí)鐘信號(hào)通過分頻器可以得到不同頻率的時(shí)鐘信號(hào)。對(duì)于通信系統(tǒng)中常用的DTMF信號(hào)，本文采用數(shù)字方法來產(chǎn)生與檢測(cè)。產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)經(jīng)過D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器可得連續(xù)時(shí)間DTMF信號(hào)，本文采用的檢測(cè)方法為戈澤爾算法。CMI碼則使用了硬件搭設(shè)的方法，首先搭設(shè)一個(gè)由4個(gè)雙D觸發(fā)器組成的15位偽隨機(jī)碼產(chǎn)生電路，然后將輸出的偽隨機(jī)碼輸入搭設(shè)好的編碼電路得到CMI編碼。
在模擬調(diào)制信號(hào)產(chǎn)生與解調(diào)中，AM信號(hào)調(diào)制是直接將原信號(hào)加上直流分量然后再乘以一個(gè)載波來是實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其解調(diào)的方法是包絡(luò)檢波法。DSB信號(hào)的調(diào)制與AM相近，只是不加直流分量，解調(diào)是采用的相干解調(diào)法。對(duì)于數(shù)字調(diào)制信號(hào)，3種數(shù)字調(diào)制信號(hào)，均采用了模擬相乘法來進(jìn)行調(diào)制，他們的解調(diào)也都是采用了相干解調(diào)法。
關(guān)鍵詞： 信號(hào)源 通信 DTMF 仿真 Multisim Matlab
Design of the Signal Generator Based on Communication System
Abstract Signal generator is an essential equipment applied in communication device, system design, commissioning and maintenance. Designing and implementing a signal generator has many schemes. This design adopts the scheme of hardware design, which has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, small size, easy to use and strong practicability etc.. In this paper, the study of signal generator lies mainly in the study of basic signal, including common basic signals such as a sinusoidal signal, a pulse signal, a triangular wave signal and a clock signal, the DTMF signal and the CMI code commonly used in a communication system, and the analog modulation signal and a digital modulation signal.
For the generation of common basic signal, we first generate an adjustable sine wave with the RC bridge oscillator. We let it pass through a hysteretic voltage comparator to get a tunable square wave after getting the sine wave. Finally, we let the square wave pass through an integrator to obtain a triangle wave signal. Generating a clock signal is realized by the divider. We can obtain the clock signals of different frequencies when letting a clock signal frequency of 4.096MHz pass through the divider. The DTMF signal is commonly used in communication system. In this paper, we generate and detect the signal with digital method. The continuous time DTMF signal can be got by letting the digital signal pass through the D / A converter. Detection methods used in this paper is the Goertzel algorithm. The generation of CMI code adopts the method of hardware erection. Firstly, we erect a 15-bit pseudo-random code generator circuit by four D flip-flops. Then we can let the exporting pseudo-random code pass through the encoding circuit to get the CMI code.
In terms of the generation and demodulation of an analog modulated signal, AM modulation signal can be achieved by coupling directly to the DC component of the original signal and then being multiplied by a carrier, which can be demodulated with envelope detector method. DSB modulation and AM modulation signal is analogous, but the former don’t contain a DC component, and the demodulation method is coherent demodulation. For digital modulation signals, three kinds of digital modulation signals are used to modulate the analog multiplication, they are also demodulated by coherent demodulation.
Key words: Signal generator Signal communication DTMF Simulation Multisim Matlab
目 錄
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 信號(hào)源綜述 1
1.1.1 信號(hào)源簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.1.2 信號(hào)源發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀、水平和趨勢(shì) 1
1.2 課題的研究意義 2
1.3 信號(hào)源設(shè)計(jì)方案現(xiàn)狀 3
1.4 仿真軟件概述 3
1.4.1 NI Multisim 概述 3
1.4.2 Matlab概述 4
第二章 常用的基礎(chǔ)信號(hào) 5
2.1 常用信號(hào)信號(hào)總電路的設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.2 正弦波的產(chǎn)生 7
2.2.1 RC橋式正弦波振蕩器電路構(gòu)成 7
2.2.2 RC橋式振蕩器的穩(wěn)幅過程 8
2.2.3 RC橋式正弦振蕩電路的設(shè)計(jì)與仿真 8
2.3 脈沖波的產(chǎn)生 10
2.3.1 脈沖波產(chǎn)生原理 10
2.3.2 脈沖波設(shè)計(jì)與仿真 11
2.4 三角波的產(chǎn)生 12
2.5 時(shí)鐘信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生 13
2.5.1 時(shí)鐘信號(hào)總電路設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.5.2 時(shí)鐘信號(hào)電路仿真 14
第三章 通信系統(tǒng)中常用的信號(hào) 19
3.1 信令簡(jiǎn)介 19
3.1.1 信令的概念 19
3.1.2 用戶終端發(fā)出的信令 19
3.1.3 交換機(jī)發(fā)出的信令 20
3.2 雙音多頻信號(hào) 20
3.2.1 DTMF信號(hào)原理 20
3.2.2 DTMF信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生 20
3.2.3 DTMF信號(hào)的檢測(cè) 21
3.2.4 Matlab仿真程序分析 22
3.3 CMI碼 24
3.3.1 CMI簡(jiǎn)要介紹 24
3.3.2 偽隨機(jī)碼發(fā)生器電路設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.3.3 CMI編碼電路設(shè)計(jì) 25
3.3.4 CMI解碼電路設(shè)計(jì) 28
第四章 模擬調(diào)制信號(hào) 30
4.1 調(diào)幅（AM） 30
4.1.1 AM調(diào)制原理 30
4.1.2 AM解調(diào)原理（包絡(luò)檢波） 30-b..