基于WSN的種豬產房監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)

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摘要 養(yǎng)豬業(yè)是我國養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的支柱產業(yè)，而產房是豬場最關鍵的一個環(huán)節(jié)，哺乳仔豬成活率是反應養(yǎng)殖場生產水平的一個重要指標。管理不當導致仔豬被壓、咬、踩是造成仔豬死亡的重要原因?，F有產房監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)多側重于仔豬健康狀況監(jiān)測，對上述問題的解決方法依賴于豬舍硬件結構設計。為此，本文提出一種基于無線傳感器網絡（WSN）的種豬產房監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。
系統(tǒng)采用OV7670攝像模組、駐極體話筒、UTC-4432射頻模塊以及MSP430系列單片機構建傳感器節(jié)點，實現對仔豬活動的實時監(jiān)測。論文從工作原理、關鍵技術、硬件選型以及軟件流程等方面對系統(tǒng)進行詳細描述。著重介紹了兩個關鍵技術：一是圖像編碼壓縮。由于圖像數據量大和通信帶寬的限制，在圖像傳輸前需對其編碼壓縮。論文對所選用的JPEG標準編解碼過程進行詳細闡述。二是低功耗實現。由于傳感器節(jié)點能量有限，因此降低系統(tǒng)功耗十分關鍵。論文從硬件選型和軟件控制兩方面入手，來降低系統(tǒng)功耗。
該系統(tǒng)通過采集聲音和圖像信息對仔豬異常情況進行判定，實現對初生仔豬的實時監(jiān)控，彌補了人工管理的缺陷。同時對傳感器節(jié)點低功耗問題做出詳細解釋，延長系統(tǒng)壽命?；具_到設計要求。
關鍵詞： 仔豬護理 WSN 圖像壓縮 低功耗


Monitoring System of the Sow Delivery Room Based On WSN
Abstract The pig industry is a pillar industry of China aquaculture, and the delivery room is the key to the farm, piglet survival rate is one of the most important index of the production level of a farm. The inappropriate management that lead to the pressure,and bite on the piglets make a huge contribution to the death. The most current delivery room monitoring systems are focused on monitoring the health condition of piglets, and methods to solve the problem depends on the design of the hardware structure of pigsty. Therefore, this paper presents a pig delivery room system monitoring which based on the wireless sensor network (WSN).
To achieve real-time monitoring of the piglets’ activities,the sensor nodes of the system consist of OV7670 camera module, an electret microphone, UTC-4432 RF module and MSP430 MCU. This paper describes the working principle, key technology, hardware selection and software process of the system in detail. This paper focuses on two key techniques: one is the image compression coding. Because of the large amount of image data and the limitations of the communication bandwidth, the image must be compressed before transmission. And this paper describes JPEG standard in detail. Another is low power consumption. As the energy of the sensor node is limited, it is important to reduce the power consumption of the system. To solve this problem, it should take two aspects including the hardware and software to reduce the power consumption of the system.
The system realizes the real-time monitoring of newborn piglets by means of collecting the sound and image information, and make up for the shortcomings of manual management. At the same time, it makes a detailed explanation of the sensor nodes about the low power consumption, extends the service life of the system. And the basic design requirements has met.
Key words: Piglets Nursing WSN Image Compression Low Power Consumption


目 錄
摘要 I
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景及意義 1
1.2 研究現狀 2
1.2.1 種豬產房管理現狀 2
1.2.2 無線傳感器網絡現狀 4
1.3 論文組織結構 6
第二章 系統(tǒng)方案設計 7
2.1 系統(tǒng)整體方案 7
2.2 系統(tǒng)工作原理 8
2.3 系統(tǒng)關鍵技術 9
2.3.1 數據編碼壓縮 9
2.3.2 傳感器節(jié)點低功耗設計 9
第三章 彩色圖像及壓縮編碼 11
3.1 彩色圖像基本知識 11
3.2 圖像壓縮標準 12
3.3 JPEG標準算法 15
3.3.1 JPEG標準簡介 15
3.3.2 JPEG編碼過程 16
3.3.3 JPEG譯碼過程 20
第四章 WSN低功耗節(jié)點設計 21
4.1 無線傳感器網絡概述 21
4.1.1 WSN簡介 21
4.1.2 WSN節(jié)點的特點 22
4.2 WSN的節(jié)點設計 23
4.2.1 硬件功耗控制 23
4.2.2 軟件功耗控制 27
第五章 系統(tǒng)平臺搭建 29
5.1 節(jié)點硬件設計 29
5.2 節(jié)點軟件設計 34
第六章 總結與展望 39
6.1 總結 39
6.2 工作展望 39
致 謝 41
參考文獻 42